基于三角模糊数截集的城市洪涝易损性联系数评价模型

为克服常用综合评价方法把评价指标样本值与评价标准等级之间的关系作为实数值之间数值接近性进行评价的结果存在系统偏差的不足，探讨了用集对分析方法进行城市洪涝易损性评价的新途径。集对分析中同、异、反关系变化是连续的，相应地，引起这种变化的联系分量系数的变化也可以看作是连续的。即由“同”、“异”变化到“反”，联系分量系数则由1、0变化到-1。对“异”联系分量系数而言，则存在最可能值0、最小值-1和最大值1，可以构造三角模糊数 。据此利用三角模糊数 的α-截集，建立了基于三角模糊数α-截集的集对分析模型。实例分析结果表明：基于三角模糊数α-截集的集对分析方法不仅可以给出评价指标的具体等级，得到的等级为一置信区间，评价结果更符合时间情况，而且还可以根据区间数的期望-方差排序法对评价结果进行综合排序，确定评价结果的优劣次序，在自然灾害系统等级评价中具有推广应用价值。     

规划师角色分化及其影响

从社会学中角色分化入手 ,分析了我国规划师角色分化的主要原因 ,探讨了规划师角色分化的三种可能方向 :政府规划师、执业规划师和社区规划师 ,并就其对规划师职业道德、城市规划教育和注册规划师考试内容的影响进行展望     

南明河贵阳市城区河段设计洪水水面线的确定

采用水文学的方法，结合南明河“91·7”、“96·7”待大洪水调查资料，对南明河各种频率设计洪水水面线进行推算，取得较精确的成果，为城市建设所采用，并起很好的防洪作用。     

对高架路桥周边空间的分析及合理化设计

针对高架路桥引发的一系列问题,通过对近些年来国内高架路桥现状的调研和分析,对目前我国高架路桥周边空间的特征和存在的问题进行了研究,在对已有经验总结和改进的基础上提出了对此类空间的合理化设计方法。     

关于《城镇道路工程技术标准(征求意见稿)》的探讨

文章针对新近发布的《城镇道路工程技术标准》(征求意见稿),结合现行设计规范和实践工程中的可操作性,分析了新标准的改进之处,并提出了关于路面结构和公交停靠站等方面的可商榷内容和建议增补的内容。     

环境革命与城市发展

阐述了对环境革命的认识 ,包括环境革命的产生背景、环境革命的思想观念、环境革命的深层价值等八个问题 ,并从城市发展契机、城市发展观、城市生态功能、城市环境容量、城市环保产业、城市空间格局、城市环境安全、城市规划的生态学化等十一个方面论述了环境革命对城市发展及城市规划的影响。     

The electronic superhighway: Melbourne's CityLink Project

Melbourne's CityLink, the largest private construction project in the world, promises motorists a new mobility which eases the conventional gridlock-freeway impasse. Based on an electronic toll system, it also represents an interesting case study of how information technology can facilitate improved urban transit systems. However, such benefits, which in this case accrue to the construction company and motorists, may be illusory for the transport and urban welfare of the city as a whole when aesthetic, environmental and community questions are considered.     

城市生态的自然回归——波特兰雨园

本文以波特兰雨园为案例,就城市景观作为城市环境不可或缺的重要部分,如何在迎合城市发展的过程中,真正化身为城市生态系统的一个有益环节,协调优化城市与自然的关系,营造丰富并具有深度的体验场所的问题展开分析。     

In search of a stable urban regime for Montreal: issues and challenges in metropolitan development

As with many major North American urban areas since the 1960s, Montreal has faced contextual changes that have brought to the fore the question of its development. However, because of its history and the uncertainties linked with Quebec's constitutional future, attempts to stimulate its development have required certain compromises, often with unexpected results. In order to evaluate the performance of coalitions formed with the objective of meeting the challenges associated with urban and metropolitan development, we have drawn upon the concept of urban regimes. Focusing specifically on Montreal, we ask whether it is possible to transpose urban regime analyses that consider both structural and cultural factors specific to local organized forces. Revealing though they might be, these analyses nevertheless possess certain limitations, notably the underestimation of the weight and increasing importance of players and forces occurring on a metropolitan scale. This is particularly true in the case of Montreal.     

Hydraulic habitat composition and diversity in rural and urban stream reaches of the North Carolina Piedmont (USA)

The differences between urban and rural streams regarding hydrological process, channel morphodynamics and ecosystem functioning have been highlighted by a number of studies in recent decades. The need to understand lotic ecosystem functioning in these environments at scales relevant to individual organisms has led to research focusing on hydraulic composition and structure over small areas of channel bed. In this study we map and analyze the hydraulic biotope composition of two urban and two rural stream reaches in the North Carolina (USA) Piedmont to determine if urban flow regimes and attendant channel modification processes might translate into important differences in hydraulic environment, and if so, what those differences are. Hydraulic biotope assemblages were found to vary only moderately in diversity per unit stream length between sites, but were distinctly different in composition. One important control on the differences between rural and urban streams was found to be the localized incision of urban channels into bedrock and saprolite. Resistant rock outcrop in the beds of urban streams creates rapid and riffle biotopes and long stretches of upstream pool habitat by impoundment. Urban reaches were found to be more homogeneous than rural reaches in hydraulic composition and were dominated by pools. Rural reaches, characterized by copious sandy alluvium in the bed, were dominated by runs or glides. Quantitative differentiation of biotopes based on four hydraulic indices generally yields coherent associations, although these may vary in content. Comparisons between hydraulic and biotic diversities suggest relationships favoring biotic functional group aggregation over species richness‐based indices of diversity. Because the majority of published hydraulic diversity analyses are based on coarse‐bed streams, further study of hydraulic diversity in streams with finer substrate is likely to be beneficial. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.