冷氨泵汽化原因分析及最小流量校核计算

分析冷氨泵低速运行时打量突然下降的主要原因是由于泵打量过低,不足以将热量带走,液氨在泵的某一级或几级入口过热汽化造成的。根据机组已知的设计参数计算实际工况下冷氨泵在2608r／min转速运转时,为保证泵内液氨不汽化,散热所需的最小流量为13．54m^3／h。     

The Effect of Water Vaporization on the Well Productivity of Gas Condensate Reservoirs

Well productivity is a crucial concern in predicting the performance of many gas condensate reservoirs. Accurate forecasting of gas-condensate well productivity usually requires fine-grid simulation to model the formation of the liquid bank and to account for high-velocity phenomena and changes in relative permeability at high capillary numbers. At early stages of production, the pressure drop in the near-wellbore region builds up the molar content of water in gas. This, in turn, results in water vaporization, and hence a drop in the connate water saturation. When water vaporization occurs, pores that were formerly filled by connate water now becomes occupied by gas and condensate only. This causes a change in gas and condensate saturations near the wellbore that can affect the well productivity. No lucid numerical simulation approach considering this effect is suggested in the literature. The authors investigated the effects of water vaporization on the near-wellbore region by compositional simulator of GEM. Enhancement of gas well productivity is observed.     

液体纯物质的粘度及扩散系数与蒸发潜热间的关系

本文结合流体的普遍化范德华理论和粘度与扩散系数的自由体积模型,导出了纯物质的液体粘度及分子扩散系数与蒸发潜热间的关系式。对30种纯物质的粘度与蒸发潜热间的关联误差为1.45％;对20种物质的自扩散系数与蒸发潜热间的关联误差为2.9％。所选物系包括强极性、弱极性和非极性分子。本工作为建立传递性质与平衡性质间的关系,以及提出粘度及扩散系数与温度间的新关联式打下了初步基础。     

Mass Spectrometric Study of the Vaporization Kinetics of Potassium Bromide Single Crystals

A mass-spectrometric method was used to investigate the kinetics of the vaporization of potassium bromide single crystals. In electron-impact-ionization mass spectra of molecular fluxes vaporized from a free-surface of KBr, ions of K⁺, KBr⁺, Br⁺, and K₂Br⁺ originating from KBr and K₂Br₂ molecular precursors were detected in the temperature range 724–918 K. The temperature dependencies of ion currents, ln I_iT – 1/ T, of the most abundant ions (K⁺, KBr⁺, and K₂Br⁺) revealed a departure from the linearity. From a comparison between the equilibrium and nonequilibrium vaporization rates, it was concluded that the value of the vaporization coefficient for monomers and dimers passes through a maximum at about 800 and 825 K, respectively. An electron-impact-fragmentation pattern of KBr molecules, I(K⁺)/I(KBr⁺), was observed to pass reproducibly through a minimum at the temperatures of about 800 to 830 K. In the fluxes from a free surface and from one inside a Knudsen cell, the dimer-to-monomer ratios were found to vary with temperature in different ways. The difference in the equilibrium and nonequilibrium rates of vaporization, the temperature dependence of the fragmentation pattern, and the mechanism of association reactions are discussed in light of the terrace-ledge-kink and surface-charge models.     

混沌搜索方法及其在化工过程优化中的应用

提出利用混沌搜索方法结合精确不可微罚函数求解约束优化问题的新方法 ,并将该方法用于闪蒸过程优化 .结果表明 ,该方法算法简单 ,实现容易 ,求解精度和可靠性较高 ,是解决化工优化问题的有效方法 .     

镱薄膜应力传感器的工艺研究

介绍了镱薄膜应力传感器的工艺设计和制造过程,通过传感器的静态,动态标定及材料测试,验证了新的工艺设计和制造过程是正确可行的。     

掺杂LaGaO3中温固体氧化物燃料电池电解质

叙述了掺杂LaGaO3(LSGM)作为优良的中温SOFC电解质的研究现状.在800℃左右,10-16≤PO2≤105Pa氧分压范围内,LSGM几乎是单纯的氧离子导体,具有较高的电导率,σ大于或等于0.1S/cm,而且长期保持稳定.在LSGM中掺杂少量低价金属阳离子,可望提高LSGM的电导率.LSGM存在的主要问题是Ga的蒸发.LSGM粉末的制备方法主要有3种:固态反应法、尿素法和Sol-gel法.     

Vaporization and Corrosion of Refractories in the Presence of Pressurized Pulverized Coal Combustion Slag

The corrosion and vaporization behavior of eight commercial refractories containing Cr₂O₃ were investigated under simulated pressurized pulverized coal combustion (PPCC) conditions at 1723 K in the presence of liquid slag. The corrosion resistance of the refractory materials decreased with increased content of free Cr₂O₃, because bursting (reaction of Fe₃O₄ with Cr₂O₃) occurred. Refractories containing MgCr₂O₄ with dissolved Al₂O₃ showed the highest corrosion resistance. Thermodynamic calculations showed that CrO₃ and CrO₂(OH)₂ were the most volatile species in air and in PPCC flue gas, whereas additions of A₂O (A = Na and K, minor slag component) increased the chromium vaporization significantly because of A₂CrO₄ formation. Knudsen effusion mass spectrometry measurements showed that the chromium vaporization of refractories was directly correlated to the Cr₂O₃ content of the material. In contrast, refractories containing MgCr₂O₄ showed a significant decrease in chromium vaporization.     

粉末尺寸对等离子喷涂 Na3Zr2Si2PO12 电解质成分和组织结构的影响

全固态钠离子电池由于安全性和元素丰度等天然优势, 在大规模储能领域具有巨大的应用潜力。 全固态电 池的核心是固态电解质, NASICON 型的 Na3Zr2Si2PO12(NZSP) 电解质因为离子电导率高、 热稳定性与力学性能优 异等优点而受到广泛关注。 本研究采用大气等离子喷涂沉积单个 NZSP 扁平粒子和沉积体, 系统研究了粉末粒度 分布和喷涂参数对 NZSP 粒子元素蒸发和沉积体组织结构的影响。 通过沉积单个粒子, 揭示了等离子喷涂参数对 NZSP 粉末粒子的熔化程度和 Na、 P 元素优先蒸发的影响规律。 结果表明, 等离子电弧功率与氢气流量对其蒸发 影响显著, 元素蒸发损失量存在明显的粒子尺寸效应, 粒径小于约 35 μm 时, 随粒径的减小, Na 与 P 的蒸发损 失量显著增加, 当粒径增加至 35 μm 以上时, Na 与 P 的蒸发损失量受粒径的影响显著减小且整体损失量也有限; 通过对粒径范围的控制能够将等离子喷涂过程中 Na 元素的损失量控制在 10 % 以下, P 元素损失量控制在 20 % 以下。 采用粒径范围 30~50 μm 的 NZSP 粉末, 结合大气等离子喷涂参数控制可以得到无明显层状结构的良好层 间结合的组织结构致密电解质, 表明大气等离子喷涂在全固态钠离子电池固态电解质的制备中具有广阔的应用前 景。     

Physico-chemical properties of ethanol – Compilation of existing data

Physico-chemical properties of ethanol and aqueous solutions of ethanol are important for chemical engineering calculation, modelling and evaluation of processes during ethanol production and its use for food and non-food applications. The majority of these properties are possible to find in handbooks and tables as Yaws (1999): Chemical Properties Handbook; Miller and Yaws (1976): Correlation constants for liquids; Lide (2007–2008): CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics; Hole?ek (2007): Chemical-engineering tables; Critical Data Tables and other literature. Some of them are also accessible online. The goal of this paper is to present the formulas and developed algorithms for calculation of extended properties of ethanol collected from literature. Extended properties include density, vapor pressure, surface tension, viscosity, molar and specific heat capacity, enthalpy of vaporization, thermal conductivity and static relative permittivity (dielectric constant) of ethanol.