Removal of fulvic acid from aqueous media by adsorption onto modified vermiculite

Clay minerals are low cost materials that can be structurally modified and exploited for removal of natural organic matter from freshwaters. The present study shows that vermiculites modified by ion exchange with hexadecyltrimethylammonium or intercalation with poly(hydroxy iron) cations are potential adsorbents for removal of fulvic acid, whereas the adsorption on the raw clay mineral is negligible. The efficiency of the modified vermiculite was evaluated by measuring adsorption isotherms by the batch technique using initial fulvic acid concentrations between 2.5 and 50.0 mg L^− 1, with one hour of contact time. At least 94% of the fulvic acid initially present in a 20 mg L^− 1 solution was sorbed onto either the intercalated poly(hydroxy iron) cations or the organically modified vermiculite. Up to an initial concentration of 5.0 mg L^− 1 the adsorption is irreversible, and no quantifiable fulvic acid was measured in the desorption experiments. For initial fulvic acid concentrations between 10.0 and 50.0 mg L^− 1, desorption was between 2.3% and 4.9% for Fe(III) intercalated vermiculite, and between 1.4% and 9.2% for the organoclay. The adsorption percentages on intercalated poly(hydroxy iron) cations increased upon lowering pH and increasing the ionic strength, indicating the occurrence of strong binding mechanisms such as ligand exchange. Adsorption percentage of fulvic acid onto the organoclay also increased with lowering of pH, but in this case the adsorption percentages showed a small decrease at high ionic strength, suggesting that electrostatic attraction plays an important role in the adsorption process.     

Water generation from atmospheric air by using different composite desiccant materials

In this communication, new composite desiccant materials having 37% concentration of CaCl₂ have been compared for water production from atmospheric air. The vermiculite–saw wood, jute and burnt-clay have been used as host materials and CaCl₂ as a hygroscopic salt. All the desiccant materials have been tested with the solar glass desiccant box type system (SGDBS) with a collector area of 0.36?m². Design parameters for water production are: height of the glass from the desiccant bed to be 0.22?m, an inclination angle of 30°, the effective thickness of the glass as 3?mm and the number of glazing is single. It has been found that on the experimental day, the maximum amount of fresh water generated by the vermiculite–saw wood/CaCl₂ is 130?ml/kg/day.     

水泥膨胀蛭石保温隔热制品性能影响因素研究

研究了影响水泥膨胀蛭石保温隔热热制品性能的关键因素。研究结果表明,膨胀蛭石的颗粒级配控制在1.18～4.75mm,其中1.18～2.36mm颗粒约占60%左右;水泥与膨胀蛭石的体积比为1∶6;水灰比为2.2;在压缩率为30%～35%的条件下成型;通过温度25±5℃,湿度60%～70%自然养护28d的制品具有良好的技术性能。     

Treatment of oily waters using vermiculite

The main objective of this study was to examine the removal of oil from water by expanded and hydrophobized vermiculite. A pH of 9 showed a higher removal efficiency of oil by vermiculite. Oil removal efficiencies at pH 9 were found to be 79%, 93%, 90%, 57% for standard mineral oil (SMO), Canola oil (CO), Kutwell oil (KUT45), refinery effluent (RE), respectively, in the case of expanded vermiculite, and 56%, 58%, 47%, 43% for SMO, CO, KUT45 and RE, respectively, for hydrophobized vermiculite. Kinetic data satisfied both the Lagergren and Ho models. Equilibrium studies showed that the Langmuir isotherm was the best-fit isotherm for oil removal by both expanded and hydrophobized vermiculite. The data showed a higher adsorptive capacity by the expanded vermiculite compared to the hydrophobized vermiculite. Desorption studies showed that the expanded vermiculite did not desorb oil to the same extent compared to hydrophobized vermiculite. The Freundlich isotherm was the best-fit model for desorption. Expanded vermiculite showed better retention than hydrophobic vermiculite. The results showed that the expanded vermiculite had a greater affinity for oil than hydrophobized vermiculite.     

Na型蛭石中2Na+=Pb2+离子交换过程的动力学研究

通过实验探讨了Na型蛭石在不同的Pb2 溶液浓度和不同的温度下的2Na =Pb2 离子交换动力学关系,实验结果表明:蛭石中2Na =Pb2 离子交换很快,0.5min以内交换吸附率已达70%～80%以上,达到交换平衡的时间与溶液的起始浓度和交换时的温度有关,原液浓度越大达到平衡所需要的时间越长,温度越高交换越快;蛭石中2Na =Pb2 离子交换过程受粒内扩散控制;动力学方程符合克-金-布扩散(粒内扩散)方程;计算出了蛭石中2Na =Pb2 离子交换过程的表观活化能E'a的平均值为25.21kJ/mol;推导出了蛭石中2Na =Pb2 离子交换过程的动力学方程为:1-2/3α-(1-α)2/3=k0r-20exp-(25.21/R)·1/Tt     

Strategic Shuffling of Clay Layers to Imbue Them with Responsiveness

Layers of naturally occurring clay minerals are rearranged to prepare highly sensitive multiresponsive clay–clay bilayer membrane (CCBM). The CCBM introduced here responds to the minuscule changes in the surrounding environments including temperature, humidity, and presence of solvent vapors by morphing in specific manners. Strips cut from CCBM exhibit up to 588 N kg^?1 force output when exposed to temperature fluctuations. Inheriting the natural stability of clay minerals, CCBM demonstrates extreme robustness, heating up to 500 °C, cooling with liquid N₂ and exposure to corrosive chemical vapors did not deteriorate its bending performance. Mechanistic studies suggest that shape transformations of CCBM are driven by the unequal response of its components to external stimuli.     

氯丁橡胶／蛭石纳米复合材料的研究

以蛭石和氯丁橡胶为原料，采用溶液插层法将氯丁橡胶插入蛭石层间，制备聚合物层状硅酸盐纳米复合材料，用X射线衍射仪对样品进行分析测试，结果表明，得到了剥离型氯丁橡胶／蛭石纳米复合材料。     

改性蛭石吸附电镀废水中铜离子的研究

将天然蛭石进行处理制备出改性蛭石.在静态条件下,对改性蛭石处理含铜废水进行了研究,探讨了改性蛭石用量、废水酸度、接触时间、温度对除铜效果的影响.结果表明,在废水pH值5.0～7.0、Cu2 浓度0～100 mg/L范围内,按Cu2 与改性蛭石质量比为1/30投加改性蛭石进行处理,Cu2 去除率可达98%以上,且处理后废水pH值为7.62,废水近中性.含Cu2 为28.6 mg/L的电镀废水经改性蛭石处理后,废水中Cu2 含量为0.36 mg/L,Cu2 含量显著低于国家排放标准.     

增强纤维对复合摩擦材料性能的影响

复合摩擦材料是以高分子化合物为粘结剂、以无机或有机类纤维为增强组分、以填料为摩擦性能调节剂的复合功能材料。通过添加芳纶浆粕纤维和膨胀蛭石,考察低温条件下增强纤维对复合摩擦材料性能的影响。实验结果表明,随着芳纶浆粕纤维含量的增加,洛氏硬度与之近似满足线性关系,冲击强度缓慢提高,摩擦系数及磨损量也增大;随膨胀蛭石含量的增加,其力学性能和摩擦系数均呈峰形变化,分别在2%、3%时达最大值,但磨损量的变化不大。     

QM polymers and other products derived from parabola vermiculite

The trimethylsilylation of parabola vermiculite gives polyorganosiloxanes of the structure QxMy. (Q = SiO₄₂: M = ((CH₃)SiO₁₂) which will form gels in a wide range of organic solvents and resins. No other mineral has so far been reported to yield trimethylsilylated products capable of forming gels. The effect on the nature and yields of these QM polyorganosiloxanes' of variation in reaction time, particle size and vermiculite/hexamethyldisiloxane ratio have been investigated. The QM polyorganosiloxanes produced are hydrophobic insoluble powders which gel in a wide range of organic solvents. Reaction with NaOH/EtOH mixtures gives ‘silicone-silicate’ hybrids by replacement of trimethylsilyl groups with sodium ions. i.e. ‘QMNa’ products. The ability of these products to form films is compared to that of parabola vermiculite itself and also acid-leached vermiculite. QM polyorganosiloxanes give films which can either be peeled off as an integral film or, after heating on a glass slide at 50°C. will give a hard hydrophobic surface. Preliminary investigation has also shown that QM polymers can be used as fillers in epoxy resins.