国内外纸塑复合食品包装材料安全法规的现状

纸塑复合食品包装材料因其便利性而得到广泛应用,但纸、塑料以及印刷油墨、胶粘剂中的小分子化学残留物通常会迁移到食品中,造成食品污染并威胁到消费者的健康。本文论述了美国FDA、欧盟EC及中国的纸塑复合食品包装材料的相关法律法规,重点对法规中规定的需检测的有害物质进行了论述,介绍了FDA规定的间接食品添加剂、"阀值管理"方式、EC规定的重金属迁移量指标以及中国针对塑料、纸和具体产品的相应规定。     

托盘和真空包装对冷却猪肉中MetMb还原活性的影响

在冷却肉的贮藏过程中,其肌红蛋白(Mb)被氧化为高铁肌红蛋白(MetMb),导致了冷却肉的褐变。研究了托盘包装和真空包装条件下,冷却肉自身的还原系统活性变化规律及其对肉色稳定性的影响。在2周的贮藏期内,真空与托盘包装冷却肉糜肌浆蛋白粗提液的还原活性持续下降;但真空包装组MetMb还原酶粗提液还原活力第1天到第14天活性差异不显著,托盘包装组前后差异显著。真空包装组在贮藏期间MetMb含量持续下降,但托盘包装组MetMb含量则持续上升,说明无氧条件有利于MetMb的还原。托盘包装组TBA在贮藏期间持续上生,但真空包装组TBA变化不明显。结果表明,托盘包装不利于冷却肉自身MetMb还原能力的维持,而真空包装的无氧环境,有利于MetMb的还原和肉色的保持。     

Microbiological and Sensorial Quality Assessment of Ready-to-Cook Seafood Products Packaged under Modified Atmosphere

ABSTRACT:  The effects of modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) (30:40:30 O₂:CO₂:N₂ and 5:95 O₂:CO₂) on the quality of 4 ready-to-cook seafood products were studied. In particular, the investigation was carried out on hake fillets, yellow gurnard fillets, chub mackerel fillets, and entire eviscerated cuttlefish. Quality assessment was based on microbiological and sensorial indices determination. Both packaging gas mixtures contributed to a considerable slowing down of the microbial and sensorial quality loss of the investigated seafood products. Results showed that sensorial quality was the subindex that limited their shelf life. In fact, based primarily on microbiological results, samples under MAP remained acceptable up to the end of storage (that is, 14 d), regardless of fish specie. On the other hand, results from sensory analyses showed that chub mackerel fillets in MAP were acceptable up to the 6th storage d, whilst hake fillets, yellow gurnard fillets, and entire cuttlefish became unacceptable after 10 to 11 d. However, compared to control samples, an increase in the sensorial shelf life of MAP samples (ranging from about 95% to 250%) was always recorded.
Practical Application: Modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) is an inexpensive and uncomplicated method of extending shelf life of packed seafood. It could gain great attention from the fish industrial sector due to the fact that MAP is a practical and economic technique, realizable by small technical expedients. Moreover, there is great attention from the food industry and retailers to react to the growing demand for convenience food, thus promoting an increase in the assortments of ready-to-cook seafood products.     

包装材料对苹果浓缩汁贮藏期非酶褐变的影响

研究了苹果浓缩汁贮藏过程中,3种包装材料对褐变指数(A420)、氨基态氮、还原糖和5-羟甲基糠醛含量的影响。结果表明,3种包装材料对苹果浓缩汁的非酶褐变阻遏作用玻璃瓶最佳;20d内,PE/TIE/PA/TIE/PE5层共挤蒸煮袋>PE(聚乙烯)袋;20d后,PE袋>蒸煮袋。     

Antimicrobial Effects of Vapor Phase Thymol,Modified Atmosphere,and Their Combination against Salmonella spp. on Raw Shrimp

Salmonella contamination on raw shrimp is a big food safety concern in the United States currently. This research evaluated the inhibition effects of vapor phase thymol, modified atmosphere (MA), and their combination against Salmonella spp. on raw shrimp. Growth profiles of a Salmonella spp. cocktail (6 strains), inoculated onto the surface of raw shrimp, treated with vapor phase thymol at 3 levels (0, 0.8, and 1.6 mg/L), or MA (59.5% CO₂ + 39.5% N₂ + 1% O₂), both alone and in combination, at 3 temperatures (8, 12, and 16 ºC), were determined. Lag time and maximum growth rate of Salmonella spp. under each treatment were obtained using Baranyi and Roberts models. Results indicated that both vapor phase thymol and MA treatments alone inhibited the growth potential of Salmonella spp. effectively, extending the lag time by 10% to 100% and reducing the maximum growth rate by 14% to 71% compared with controlled samples at experimental temperatures (8, 12, and 16 ºC). Combination treatments of vapor phase thymol and MA exhibited greater inhibition effectiveness than each individual treatment and a synergistic antimicrobial effectiveness could be observed on the lag time extension. To the maximum, at 12 ºC, lag time of Salmonella spp. was extended 59.6% more by the combination treatment of 0.8 mg/L thymol + MA (36.97 h) than those effects combined from 0.8 mg/L thymol treatment and MA treatment alone (23.16 h in total). This combination strategy could be potentially utilized for Salmonella inhibition during the long distance and temperature‐abused raw shrimp import process. Practical Application The vapor phase thymol + MA combination strategy could be potentially applied in temperature‐abused and long‐distance raw shrimp import process to retard the Salmonella spp. growth, therefore reducing its import rejection rate as well as enhancing its food safety level to the consumers’ concerns.     

Diffusion of homologous model migrants in rubbery polystyrene: molar mass dependence and activation energy of diffusion

Published diffusion prediction models for the diffusion of additives in food packaging simplify reality by having a small number of parameters only. Therefore, extrapolation of such models to barrier polymers, larger ranges of temperature and/or additive molecular weight (M_W ) is questionable. Extra data is still required to generalize these existing prediction models. In this paper, diffusion of a specifically designed homologous set of model additives (from 236 to 1120 g mol^?1) was monitored in two polystyrenes in the rubbery state (from 100 to 180°C): syndiotactic semi-crystalline polystyrene and its amorphous equivalent. Variations in associated diffusion coefficient D and activation energy Ea with migrant M_W and temperature were surprisingly low. Comparison of experimental behaviour with model predictions was performed. In their actual form, none of the models is capable of describing all experimental data, but there is evidence of convergence of the different approaches.     

啤酒塑料瓶包装趋势

与传统的玻璃瓶相比PET啤酒瓶具有如下优点：安全性高、成本费用低、方便时尚、卫生环保、灵活适用,采用PET瓶包装啤酒扩大了产品的销售半径,部分改变了啤酒传统的销售方式,应是未来的发展趋势。     

魔芋葡甘聚糖/乙基纤维素复合膜配方优化及其在蜂蜜包装中的应用

研究了魔芋葡甘聚糖（KGM）和乙基纤维素（EC）复合膜最优配方,并探究KGM/EC膜在蜂蜜包装中的应用。以KGM、EC和癸二酸二丁酯（DBS）为基材,以水和乙酸乙酯作为溶剂制备KGM/EC膜,在单因素实验的基础上,采用Miscellaneous试验设计结合响应面分析法优化KGM/EC复合膜配方,结果表明,复合膜最佳配方为KGM含量为70%,EC含量为30%,DBS含量为8%时,制备的KGM/EC复合膜拉伸强度最大为64.56 MPa。在此基础上,探究了KGM/EC膜的热封条件,并将膜应用于蜂蜜包装,结果表明,利用2% KGM溶胶作为胶粘剂对KGM/EC膜热封14 s,膜封口强度达最大值4.4 N/15 mm,蜂蜜包装袋在25℃和RH 50%±5%条件下存放22 d,达到水蒸气解吸平衡,失重率为9.3%,蜂蜜中未检出微生物菌落。综上,KGM/EC复合膜可应用于蜂蜜包装。     

食品用塑料包装中壬基酚迁移量的检测

建立高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定食品用塑料包装中壬基酚的迁移量。样品经迁移试验得食品模拟物,水性模拟物直接上机,油基模拟物经甲醇提取、冷冻离心后取上清液分析,外标法定量。在本试验条件下,壬基酚线性关系良好,6种模拟物的相关系数都达到0.998 5以上,两类模拟物的检出限分别为0.01 mg/L和0.01 mg/kg,回收率为89.3%～94.4%,RSD值为2.76%～3.37%。该法简单、灵敏、准确,适用于食品用塑料包装中壬基酚迁移量的检测。     

天然包装材料在食品包装设计中的应用

针对塑料、纸质、金属等食品包装材料各自的弊端和问题,阐述了食品包装材料减量化、单一化、轻型化、无毒无害化发展趋势,指出天然包装材料在食品包装中的应用范围及性能,揭示了天然包装材料的审美价值,提出了天然包装材料的选用原则和应用原则。