Prejudice and perception: The role of automatic and controlled processes in misperceiving a weapon.

Two experiments used a priming paradigm to investigate the influence of racial cues on the perceptual identification of weapons. In Experiment 1, participants identified guns faster when primed with Black faces compared with White faces. In Experiment 2, participants were required to respond quickly, causing the racial bias to shift from reaction time to accuracy. Participants misidentified tools as guns more often when primed with a Black face than with a White face. L. L. Jacoby's (1991) process dissociation procedure was applied to demonstrate that racial primes influenced automatic (A) processing, but not controlled (C) processing. The response deadline reduced the C estimate but not the A estimate. The motivation to control prejudice moderated the relationship between explicit prejudice and automatic bias. Implications are discussed on applied and theoretical levels. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Convexity Rule for Shape Decomposition Based on Discrete Contour Evolution

We concentrate here on decomposition of 2D objects into meaningfulparts of visual form, orvisual parts. It is a simple observation that convex parts of objects determine visual parts. However, the problem is that many significant visual parts are not convex, since a visual part may have concavities. We solve this problem by identifying convex parts at different stages of a proposed contour evolution method in which significant visual parts will become convex object parts at higher stages of the evolution. We obtain a novel rule for decomposition of 2D objects into visual parts, called the hierarchical convexity rule, which states that visual parts are enclosed by maximal convex (with respect to the object) boundary arcs at different stages of the contour evolution. This rule determines not only parts of boundary curves but directly the visual parts of objects. Moreover, the stages of the evolution hierarchy induce a hierarchical structure of the visual parts. The more advanced the stage of contour evolution, the more significant is the shape contribution of the obtained visual parts.     

Lower region: A new cue for figure-ground assignment.

Figure-ground assignment is an important visual process; humans recognize, attend to, and act on figures, not backgrounds. There are many visual cues for figure-ground assignment. A new cue to figure-ground assignment, called lower region, is presented: Regions in the lower portion of a stimulus array appear more figurelike than regions in the upper portion of the display. This phenomenon was explored, and it was demonstrated that the lower-region preference is not influenced by contrast, eye movements, or voluntary spatial attention. It was found that the lower region is defined relative to the stimulus display, linking the lower-region preference to pictorial depth perception cues. The results are discussed in terms of the environmental regularities that this new figure-ground cue may reflect. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

When visual marking meets the attentional blink: More evidence for top-down, limited-capacity inhibition.

An attentional blink (AB) paradigm was used to investigate the attentional resources necessary for visual marking. The results showed that distractors presented inside the AB cannot easily be ignored despite participants anticipating a future target display. This supports the hypothesis that attentional resources are required for visual marking. In addition, probe dots were better detected on blinked distractors than on successfully ignored distractors, but only when the task required new items to be prioritized. In a final experiment, a stronger negative carry-over effect on search occurred for targets identical to distractors presented outside rather than inside the AB. This suggests that at least part of the inhibitory processes involved in visual marking are nonspatial. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Mapping variations in weight percent silica measured from multispectral thermal infrared imagery—Examples from the Hiller Mountains, Nevada, USA and Tres Virgenes-La Reforma, Baja California Sur, Mexico

Remotely sensed multispectral thermal infrared (8-13 μm) images are increasingly being used to map variations in surface silicate mineralogy. These studies utilize the shift to longer wavelengths in the main spectral feature in minerals in this wavelength region (reststrahlen band) as the mineralogy changes from felsic to mafic. An approach is described for determining the amount of this shift and then using the shift with a reference curve, derived from laboratory data, to remotely determine the weight percent SiO₂ of the surface. The approach has broad applicability to many study areas and can also be fine-tuned to give greater accuracy in a particular study area if field samples are available. The approach was assessed using airborne multispectral thermal infrared images from the Hiller Mountains, Nevada, USA and the Tres Virgenes-La Reforma, Baja California Sur, Mexico. Results indicate the general approach slightly overestimates the weight percent SiO₂ of low silica rocks (e.g. basalt) and underestimates the weight percent SiO₂ of high silica rocks (e.g. granite). Fine tuning the general approach with measurements from field samples provided good results for both areas with errors in the recovered weight percent SiO₂ of a few percent. The map units identified by these techniques and traditional mapping at the Hiller Mountains demonstrate the continuity of the crystalline rocks from the Hiller Mountains southward to the White Hills supporting the idea that these ranges represent an essentially continuous footwall block below a regional detachment. Results from the Baja California data verify the most recent volcanism to be basaltic-andesite.     

Display-metrology for liquid-crystal-television-screens

This paper introduces a novel compact approach to measurement and characterization of the visual performance of LCD-screens when high visual fidelity of displayed images is a prime issue. We present instrumentation, procedures and evaluations for assessment of the visual properties of LCD-TV screens with minimum efforts as a basis for a clear and objective rating of their performance. Measurement and evaluation of color and gray-scale fidelity across the viewing-cone and under ambient illumination are the main topics of this paper. Typical results for a high-quality LCD-monitor are presented and discussed. A novel concept for scanning of the viewing-directions with simultaneous acquisition of nine spectra at nine angles of inclination is introduced as a solution for the dilemma of measurement time and colorimetric precision.     

LOWTRAN7在动态红外图像仿真系统中的应用及系统集成

介绍海洋作战环境下动态红外图像仿真系统的工程实现。着重介绍了ＬＯＷＴＲＡＮ模型在动态红外图像仿真系统中的应用及仿真系统中的数据流程、系统结构和系统集成中的主要情况。     

Visual Change With Moving Displays: More Evidence for Color Feature Map Inhibition During Preview Search.

Preview search with moving stimuli was investigated. The stimuli moved in multiple directions, and preview items could change either their color or their shape before onset of the new (search) displays. In Experiments 1 and 2, the authors found that (a) a preview benefit occurred even when more than 5 moving items had to be ignored, and (b) color change, but not shape change, disrupted preview search in moving stimuli. In contrast, shape change, but not color change, disrupted preview search in static stimuli (Experiments 3 and 4). Results suggest that preview search with moving displays is influenced by inhibition of a color map, whereas preview search with static displays is influenced by inhibition of locations of old distractors. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Music training improves verbal but not visual memory: Cross-sectional and longitudinal explorations in children.

The hypothesis that music training can improve verbal memory was tested in children. The results showed that children with music training demonstrated better verbal but not visual memory than did their counterparts without such training. When these children were followed up after a year, those who had begun or continued music training demonstrated significant verbal memory improvement. Students who discontinued the training did not show any improvement. Contrary to the differences in verbal memory between the groups, their changes in visual memory were not significantly different. Consistent with previous findings for adults (A. S. Chan, Y. Ho, & M. Cheung, 1998), the results suggest that music training systematically affects memory processing in accordance with possible neuroanatomical modifications in the left temporal lobe. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

自己编程制作备忘录

利用Visual Basic.NET6.0编程,制作成一个完整的备忘录程序提醒工具,并且应用于江阴电视台播出部的日常工作中,使播出部日常管理更加规范、有效,实用性非常强。