Isoflurane Protects Against Human Endothelial Cell Apoptosis by Inducing Sphingosine Kinase-1 via ERK MAPK

Endothelial dysfunction is a major clinical problem affecting virtually every patient requiring critical care. Volatile anesthetics are frequently used during the perioperative period and protect the heart and kidney against ischemia and reperfusion injury. We aimed to determine whether isoflurane, the most commonly used volatile anesthetic in the USA, protects against endothelial apoptosis and necrosis and the mechanisms involved in this protection. Human endothelial EA.hy926 cells were pretreated with isoflurane or carrier gas (95% room air + 5% CO(2)) then subjected to apoptosis with tumor necrosis factor-α or to necrosis with hydrogen peroxide. DNA laddering and in situ Terminal Deoxynucleotidyl Transferase Biotin-dUTP Nick-End Labeling (TUNEL) staining determined EA.hy926 cell apoptosis and percent LDH released determined necrosis. We also determined whether isoflurane modulates the expression and activity of sphingosine kinase-1 (SK1) and induces the phosphorylation of extracellular signal regulated kinase (ERK MAPK) as both enzymes are known to protect against cell death. Isoflurane pretreatment significantly decreased apoptosis in EA.hy926 cells as evidenced by reduced TUNEL staining and DNA laddering without affecting necrosis. Mechanistically, isoflurane induces the phosphorylation of ERK MAPK and increased SK1 expression and activity in EA.hy926 cells. Finally, selective blockade of SK1 (with SKI-II) or S1P(1) receptor (with W146) abolished the anti-apoptotic effects of isoflurane. Taken together, we demonstrate that isoflurane, in addition to its potent analgesic and anesthetic properties, protects against endothelial apoptosis most likely via SK1 and ERK MAPK activation. Our findings have significant clinical implication for protection of endothelial cells during the perioperative period and patients requiring critical care.     

Phytochemical and Biological Studies of Agave attenuata

The present study was conducted to examine various biological activities of a methanol extract of Agave attenuata leaves. GC-MS analysis of the n-hexane fraction from the extract revealed the presence of 31 compounds, with mono-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (11.37%), 1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acid (6.33%), n-docosane (6.30%) and eicosane (6.02%) as the major components. The leaves contained appreciable levels of total phenolic contents (10.541-39.35 GAE, mg/100 g) and total flavonoid contents (43.35-304.8 CE, mg/100 g). The extract and some of its fractions showed moderate antimicrobial effects. Leaves extract and fractions also exhibited a good antioxidant potential when measured by DPPH radical scavenging activity and inhibition of lipid peroxidation assays. The hemolytic effect of the plant was found to be in a range of 1.01%-2.64%. From the present study it is concluded that this plant could be used as a source of natural antioxidants and functional food nutraceutical applications.     

药对款冬花、紫菀及其单味药中挥发油的GC-MS分析

为比较款冬花与紫菀配伍前后挥发油成分的变化,采用水蒸气蒸馏分别对药对款冬花-紫菀及单味药挥发油进行了提取,并结合GC-MS-计算机检索技术对所得样品化学成分进行了分离和结构鉴定,用峰面积归一法测定各组分的相对质量分数。结果表明,从药对款冬花-紫菀、款冬花和紫菀挥发油分别鉴定了37、31和32个色谱峰,各占挥发油总峰面积的96.48%、88.47%和91.61%。药对产生4种新的化合物,而且它们共有成分配伍前后含量也有所改变。     

鲜、干品红丝线叶挥发油化学成分的GC - MS分析

采用水蒸气蒸馏法分别得到新鲜和干燥红丝线叶挥发油,并结合GC-MS对所得样品的化学成分进行了分析和鉴定,用气相色谱峰面积归一化法测定各组分的相对质量分数。结果显示,从鲜叶挥发油中鉴定出32种成分,占挥发油总峰面积的98.81%,主要成分是反式植醇(43.29%)、橙花叔醇(7.07%)、石竹烯(4.91%)、亚麻酸甲酯(3.81%)和植酮(3.74%)等;从干叶挥发油中鉴定出42种成分,占挥发油总峰面积的96.23%,反式植醇(33.50%)、橙花叔醇(7.75%)、石竹烯(5.14%)、1-辛烯-3-醇(7.20%)、植酮(4.45%)和樟脑(4.07%)等为主要成分。两者的共有成分有23种,其他化学成分及其相对质量分数存在一定差异。     

刺梨和无籽刺梨挥发性香气成分的比较研究

用固相微萃取技术和气相色谱－质谱仪联用技术,对刺梨和无籽刺梨的香气成分进行了分析测定,峰面积归一化法测定各成分相对含量。试验从刺梨中检测鉴定了31个化合物,无籽刺梨中共检测鉴定了32个化合物,在刺梨和无籽刺梨中都存在的化合物有14个。刺梨中的主要成分为：3,7-二甲基-1,3,7-辛三烯(20.469%), 壬醛（5.029%）、1-石竹烯（6.101%）、γ-芹子烯（12.733%）、正二十八烷（6.507%）;无籽刺梨中的主要成分为：乙酸顺式-3-己烯酯（10.649%）、3,7-二甲基-1,3,7-辛三烯（5.672%）、1-石竹烯（10.643%）、α-石竹烯（5.911%）、γ-芹子烯（18.218%）、α-芹子烯（5.412%）、正十七烷（11.573%）、。刺梨与无籽刺梨的主要成分有一定的差异,可能是造成二者气味及口感差异的原因。研究结果为刺梨和无籽刺梨的开发提供了科学依据。     

聚氨酯防水涂料的低温弯折性探讨

介绍了聚氨酯防水涂料低温弯折性项目测试大多不合格的现状,分析认为应用地域、产品成本和配方工艺是主要原因,并从标准的修制定、企业的发展以及市场监督等方面提出了改进建议。     

超高压处理前后菠萝香气成分的变化

采用溶液萃取法对超高压处理前后的菠萝汁的香气进行富集,并经GC/MS联机检索分析,发现超高压处理对菠萝汁中的酯类、羧酸类、醛和酮类、醇类和杂环类都有影响,超高压后,酯类物质、羧酸类、醛和酮类数量下降,而醇类和杂环类化合物数量增加。其影响作用和高压造成的温度升高有关。     

厌氧消化污泥脱水性能变化的试验与分析

研究了剩余污泥在中温厌氧消化条件下脱水性能的变化及其作用机制。剩余污泥厌氧消化过程中,消化污泥的比阻(SRF)相比于剩余污泥有一定的减小,消化污泥的过滤速度有一定的改善,但改善不明显。聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)、FeCl3和聚合氯化铝(PAC)3种絮凝剂调理试验显示,消化污泥的最佳投药量相对于剩余污泥均有所增加,说明消化污泥脱水性能变差。分析了2种污泥中胞外聚合物(EPS)含量及污泥颗粒特性的变化,表明消化过程导致EPS的降解并向液体中释放。随着EPS含量的减少,由EPS架桥形成的较大絮体解体成为较小的污泥颗粒,污泥中小颗粒的比例增加,污泥的脱水性能变差。     

鲜洋葱和干洋葱挥发性化学成分比较

采用固相微萃取方法,用气相色谱-质谱联用结合计算机谱图检索,对两个不同品种的鲜洋葱和干洋葱挥发性化学成分进行分析鉴定。结果表明:鲜洋葱和干洋葱样品共鉴定出挥发性成分49种,各样品挥发性成分种类分别为30、28、28种和25种,分别占其色谱流出组分总量的94.25%、96.01%、83.40%和86.11%它们主要是含硫化合物、醇类、醛类和酯类等;干洋葱挥发性成分与新鲜洋葱相比在组成和相对含量都存在着较大差异。     

脱水与冷冻干燥青胡椒挥发油中化学成分的GC-MS分析

采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取脱水青胡椒和冷冻干燥青胡椒中的挥发油,得率分别为2.25%和2.56%;并对其进行气相色谱-质谱分析,从两种青胡椒产品的挥发油中共鉴定出42种化学成分,其中从脱水青胡椒挥发油中鉴定出35种化学成分,从冷冻干燥青胡椒挥发油中鉴定出38种化学成分,两种产品中共同检测到的化学成分有31种,但相对含量有一定差异。