Recoverable shear strain of liquid crystal‐forming concentrated hydroxypropyl cellulose solutions

The recoverable shear strain (S_R) for the liquid crystal‐forming hydroxypropyl cellulose solutions was determined by means of a concentric cylinder rotational apparatus as functions of shear stress prior to recovery and concentration of the solutions at 30°C. S_R greatly depended on shear stress and concentration; the phase of the solution (the single phase or biphase) governed the dependences of S_R on stress and concentration. S_R increased with increasing stress for the single phase and decreased for the biphase. S_R seemed to be related to the die swell (B): S_R ∝ Bⁿ. S_R exhibited a maximum and a minimum with respect to concentration. S_R for the cellulosic cholesteric liquid crystalline solutions was greater than that for the isotropic solutions. A model was proposed for explaining the greater S_R. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 85: 865–872, 2002     

焦炭煅烧回转窑技术参数的讨论和锥形回转窑的设计构思

通过对焦煅烧回窑的一些设计和运行参数的讨论，论述了锥形回转窑的设计及其使用的可行性和优越性。     

复配菌对原油除蜡降黏效果分析

为提高含蜡原油流动性能,从辽河油田附近经受原油污染的土壤中筛选出两株原油降解菌。经过16S rRNA基因序列比对鉴定,菌株为纤维微菌属(Cellulosimicrobiumsp.)和假单孢菌(Pseudomonassp.),命名为7#和12#。将筛选出的7#菌与12#菌优化复配使用,研究结果表明:复配菌对液体石蜡有乳化效果,当复配菌体积比为1∶1时,乳化率最高达到77.5%;最适的生长温度为35～40℃,p H=6～8,最佳接种量(体积分数)为4%,复配菌体积比为1∶1,且培养基在初始pH,即pH=7时复配菌生长状态最佳。复配菌在37℃,pH=7条件下对原油处理7 d后,除蜡率为61.32%,降黏率达到31.58%;显微镜观察蜡晶变小,进一步说明菌株能够降解石蜡,破坏蜡晶结构,提高含蜡原油的流动性能。     

辐照改性聚丙烯拉伸流变行为及其挤出发泡的研究

通过在线形聚丙烯中加入双官能团丙烯酸酯类单体,经小剂量γ射线高能辐照,制备了高熔体强度聚丙烯,研究了其拉伸流变行为及其在挤出发泡方面的应用。Rheotens拉伸流变测试表明,辐照改性后由于形成了长支化分子结构,聚丙烯的熔体强度、拉伸黏度显著提高,具有明显的应变硬化特征。实验表明,ZnO可明显降低AC发泡剂分解温度,缓和分解放热;在辐照改性制备的高熔体强度聚丙烯中加入AC／ZnO复合发泡剂,可挤出发泡得到泡孔尺寸较为均一、分布均匀、具有闭孔结构的发泡材料。     

Effect of molecular weight and branch content on the creep behavior of oriented polyethylene

Creep studies were carried out on a range of homopolymers and copolymers of polyethylene with well‐defined molecular weight and branch content. The creep data were analyzed in terms of two thermally activated processes acting in parallel and the effects of molecular weight and branch content are discussed. It is shown that increasing either the number‐average molecular weight or the weight‐average molecular weight gives improved creep behavior at all stress levels. The introduction of butyl branches leads to lower creep at low‐stress levels but can give rise to higher creep at high stress. Plots of the equilibrium log₁₀(strain rate) versus stress at fixed draw ratio (strain) can be used to define sections through a unique true stress/true strain/strain rate surface for each material. These creep results have an additional value in terms of the link between slow crack propagation (SCG) in polyethylene and fibril creep, confirming the proposal made elsewhere that SCG can be quantified in terms of creep to failure across the true stress/true strain/strain rate surface. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, J Appl Polym Sci 89: 1663–1670, 2003     

Internal fracture of notched epoxy resins

The brittle fracture of round-notched epoxy resin bars subjected to plane strain bending has been studied at varying strain rates. Observations of fracture processes and surface morphologies revealed that the internal crack was nucleated at the plastic-elastic boundary when the plastic deformation zone at the notch root reached a certain size. A slip-line field theory allows calculation of the stress components at the plastic-elastic boundary from a knowledge of the location of the internal crack. An analysis of the data concluded that the triaxial stress level ahead of the plastic zone was raised by plastic constraints to an ideal fracture stress which is considerably larger than that of glassy thermoplastics.     

Preparation and thermomechanical characterization of poly(vinyl chloride) blends compatible with terpolymer‐containing maleic anhydride

In this study, I aimed to change the thermomechanical characteristics of poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC), which is widely used in commercial areas. Copolymers containing maleic anhydride (MA) units are commonly used to obtain compatible polymer blends. In our study, PVC blends were also prepared with the terpolymers with and without anhydride units. I assumed that the impact of the terpolymer on the thermomechanical characteristics of the PVC material could be more effectively controlled. For this purpose, two sets of six different blends of PVC with or without MA were synthesized, among which one was pure PVC, but the other five blends contained 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10% terpolymer. In conclusion, I observed that the terpolymer with the MA unit more regularly changed the thermomechanical characteristics of PVC. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 94: 1586–1589, 2004     

球窝型动态混合器结构和机理的研究

介绍研制的题示混合器结构及其混合机理。在分析球窝流场各节点速度分布的基础上,用加权平均总应变和分流混合度作为评定指标,对球窝型混合器的混合行为进行分析。通过对比实验证明球窝型混合器对于高粘流体具有良好的混合功效。     

响应面法优化甘油歧化产1,3-丙二醇菌培养基的研究

以甘油为原料,在单因素试验的基础上,利用响应面法研究了(NH4)2HPO4、K2HPO4/KH2PO4、pH值对1,3-丙二醇产量的影响,得到二次多项式回归模型.结果表明:回归模型能很好地反映各因素水平与响应值之间的关系,同时得出这3因素的最佳用量为(NH4)2HPO42.76 g/L、K2HPO4/KH2PO4(质量比1∶1)3.98 g/L、pH值7.58,此时1,3-丙二醇理论产量为28.702 g/L,实际产量为27.597 g/L,比优化前提高了19.02%.