灌排系统水转化模拟模型研究

受自然与人为因素综合影响,灌区水转化过程复杂多变。以湖北漳河水库灌区为例,分别从水平和垂直方向描述典型灌排系统的水转化过程,以水量平衡原理为基础,研发灌排系统边界处置、稻作区田间多层土壤、塘坝及排水沟道之间多个水转化模拟子模块,由此构建一种客观描述灌排系统边界半封闭结构及其水平输送、垂直运动与渠-田-沟-塘水转化过程的耦合模拟模型,解决了应用流域分布式水文模型求解灌区水转化过程中面临的灌区边界不确定、分层土壤简化处理等问题。利用漳河灌区谭店灌排系统2014-2015年水平衡测试观测数据对该模型进行检验,采用拉丁超立方抽样法对模型参数进行分层抽样,并利用偏相关法分析参数敏感性。通过模型计算可得,支沟率定期和验证期模拟结果的复相关系数分别为0.83、0.70,Ens系数分别为0.81、0.68,斗沟率定期和验证期模拟结果的复相关系数分别为0.79、0.68,Ens系数分别为0.73、0.62,结果表明该模型适用于灌排系统水转化过程模拟。与SWAT模型对比,对于同一研究区域,复相关系数由0.11提高到0.73,Ens系数由-0.71提高到0.70,进一步验证了该模型的先进性,为灌排系统尺度水转化模拟和机制研究提供了新方法。     

基于综合指数法的保定市地表水资源脆弱性评价

根据地表水资源脆弱性内涵及保定市地表水资源的特点,从自然脆弱性、人为脆弱性和承载脆弱性三个方面选取10项评价指标。利用层次分析法确定各指标权重,基于综合指数法结合GIS/RS技术对保定市地表水资源脆弱性进行了定量评价。结果表明,保定市地表水资源总体上呈现出较为脆弱的态势,其中以保定市西北部、西部、中部偏东及东南部地区表现得最为明显。根据脆弱性结构,将这些地区分成自然脆弱性主导型地区、人为脆弱性主导型地区和承载脆弱性主导型地区三类。针对自然和人为脆弱性主导型地区,提出加快水利设施建设、扩大绿化面积等对策;针对承载脆弱性主导型地区,提出控制用水总量和人口增长、淘汰落后产能、发展节水技术、宣传节水知识等对策。     

Influence of recycled aggregates and high contents of fly ash on concrete fresh properties

This study presents the fresh properties of concrete with supplementary cementitious materials (SCM) and recycled concrete aggregates (RCA), with emphasis on the feasibility of using high volumes of fly ash (FA) in RCA concrete. For this purpose, two mix families (0% coarse RCA and 100% coarse RCA) were produced, both with and without superplasticizers (SP). The coarse natural aggregates (NA) were replaced with coarse RCA at 0% and 100%, respectively. For each of the mentioned families, three incorporation levels (0%, 50% and 100%) of fine RCA were used with 0%, 30% and 60% of FA, resulting in 28 compositions. Each mix was tested in the fresh state by means of slump, density and air content. The results of this study show that RCA decreased the slump of concrete mixes, but the required water content can be minimized by incorporation FA. Regardless of the water absorption of the aggregates, for a given fine RCA incorporation ratio and the same ratio of FA, no increase in water content is required to obtain the same target slump as in the reference concrete. On the other hand, for a given coarse RCA incorporation ratio, a five times lower FA ratio is enough to obtain the same target slump as in the reference concrete. Air voids in concrete mixes were more affected by the shape of the aggregates than by their water absorption. The air content of concrete mixes increased as the incorporation levels of FA and RCA increased. However, in comparison with the individual effects, the air content decreased by combining the incorporation of both FA and RCA. Moreover, the rate of reduction in fresh density by increasing the incorporation of RCA and FA was similar in concrete mixes with and without SP.     

不同土壤对化肥厂废水中铵的吸附特征

含铵化肥厂废水污灌有可能引起地下水污染。包气带土壤的吸附作用是阻滞其铵进入含水层的重要过程。选取某包气带不同深度4个典型土样,利用室内批模拟实验,以实验室配制硫酸铵溶液作对比,研究土壤对化肥厂废水中铵的吸附动力学及等温吸附特征。结果显示:土壤颗粒极易吸附铵,废水有机物等物质能延长吸附平衡时间,并影响土壤对铵的吸附能力——在低浓度铵溶液中表现为增加作用,在高浓度铵溶液中的表现为受土壤有机质含量影响;不同质地土壤对铵具有不同的吸附行为,总体上黏性土的吸附能力大于砂土;与Freundlich和Langmuir等温式相比,BET等温式能够与实验吸附数据更好拟合,验证了BET公式用于铵等温吸附特征研究的可行性,表明铵在土壤胶体颗粒中的吸附方式为多分子层吸附。     

基于近红外特征波长提取与最小二乘支持向量机的白芷掺滑石粉定量研究

中药掺假不仅降低疗效而且严重危害身体健康, 本文利用近红外光谱分析技术对中药白芷中掺入滑石粉的含量进 行定量分析。仪器采用自主研制的近红外光谱仪,光谱范围为900～ 1700 nm,分辨率为4nm,采集181份白芷中掺 入了 滑石粉的样本光谱以及7份白芷中掺入了滑石粉和面粉的样本光谱,进行平滑和一阶求导预 处理的基础上,比较研究了 多种不同算法的建模效果,提出了采用移动窗口法(MW)结合遗传算法(GA)进行特征波长 优选,以最小二乘支持向 量机(LS-SVM)建立定量模型的分析方法,结果表明MW-GA能有效筛选波长,提高预测精 度,还用白芷中同时掺入了 滑石粉和面粉的多成分样本对模型进行了验证。MW-GA-LS-SVM与全光谱-PLS、MW-GA- PLS、全光谱-LS-SVM比较, 其性能最佳,在极大减少建模变量的同时,模型的验证集决定系数R²=0.995,校正均方根误差RMSEC= 0.42%,预测均 方根误差RMSEP=0.48%,表明MW-GA-LS -SVM建立的模型准确度高,为近红外光谱在中药成分快速定量分析应用提供了方法依据。     

低熔点双组分合金填充HDPE导电性能研究

对低熔点双组分合金(铋和铅)填充高密度聚乙烯(HDPE)导电性能进行了研究分析,结果显示:随着金属填充量增大,填充体系的导电性能提高,金属填充量大于40%,表面电阻率和体积电阻率分别降低6个和8个数量级;第3组分的加入显著提高了填充体系的导电性能,体积电阻率从3.9×1016 Ω·cm下降到1.5×1015 Ω·cm。     

A Novel Route to Multiphase Polymer Systems Containing Nano‐Droplets: Radical Polymerization of Vinylic Monomers in Gelled Water‐in‐Oil Miniemulsions

Summary: A new strategy for the synthesis of composite polymers with larger volume fraction of aqueous inclusions less than 1 µm in diameter is presented. A water‐in‐oil miniemulsion of aqueous droplets in a continuous, cross‐linkable monomer phase is prepared. The addition of an organo‐gelator allows the immobilization of the droplets in a solid gel, thus avoiding the usual demixing upon polymerization of the continuous phase. This pregelled system is then converted into a composite polymer by photoinitiated free radical polymerization. Such coatings may be used for an improved climate control of buildings or as a deposit for the controlled release of actives from polar nano‐droplets.

SEM image of a cross‐linked composite polymer showing controlled droplet inclusions with a maximal diameter of 500 nm.     

PIT 低应变动力试桩理论及试验研究

通过理论研究、模型桩在不同条件下的模拟对比试验研究、结合工程实例并采用先进的信号拟合分析软件进行计算分析，探讨了应力波在桩中的传播规律及桩中缺陷对实测波形的影响，研究成果对低应变桩基质量检测实践具有重要的指导意义。     

我国钢铁工业发展现状分析和转型探讨

中国钢铁工业发展受到当前经济增速放缓、产业结构性调整变化等因素的影响,处于低位运行、去产能化的发展困境,钢铁产业的转型升级和深层次结构性调整显得至关重要。结合现代钢铁工业的发展,从经济水平、技术核心角度对钢铁工业现状进行了分析,探讨了在经济发展新形势下我国钢铁产业发展的出路。同时,综述了钢铁行业面临的转型升级和结构性调整的必要性和举措,对新常态下我国钢铁产业转型进行了探讨。     

工业废硫酸缔合法生产硫酸钾新工艺研究

本文对硫酸钾的生产新工艺进行了研究,并着重从环保的角度利用河北省工业废硫酸为原料生产硫酸钾,提出了硫酸钾生产的最佳工艺条件。