风险型多指标决策分析方法研究

根据风险型多指标决策问题的特点,利用确定型多指标决策和单目标风险型决策理论,提出了三种风险型多指标决策分析方法,并以实例验证.     

存在飞轮安装偏差与故障的卫星姿态容错控制

基于滑模控制理论提出一种刚体卫星姿态稳定控制方法,实现对反作用飞轮部分失效故障的容错控制,以及对其安装偏差的补偿控制,并从理论上证明了所设计的控制器在有限时间内能够实现对闭环姿态控制系统的几乎全局渐近稳定控制.最后将所设计的控制器应用于某型卫星姿态稳定任务,仿真结果验证了所提出方法的有效性.     

Comparison of single and coastal superphosphate for subterranean clover on phosphorus leaching soils

Coastal superphosphate, a partially acidulated rock phosphate (PARP), is being considered as an alternative fertilizer to single superphosphate for pastures in high rainfall (> 800 mm annual average) areas of south-western Australia. The effectiveness of single and coastal superphosphate, as P fertilizers, was measured in two field experiments using dry herbage yield of subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum). The experiments were started in April 1990 and were terminated at the end of 1993. In the years after P applications, soil samples were collected each January to measure Colwell soil-test P, which was related to plant yields measured later on that year, to provide soil P test calibrations.Relative to freshly-applied single superphosphate, the effectiveness of freshly-applied coastal superphosphate and the residues of previously-applied single and coastal superphosphate were less effective in some years (from 3% as effective to equally effective), and up to 100% more effective in other years. This large range in effectiveness values in different years is attributed to different climatic conditions. Soil P test calibrations were different for soils treated with single or coastal superphosphate. The calibrations were also different for different yield assessments (harvests) in the same year, and in different years. Consequently soil P testing can only provide a very crude estimate of the current P status of the soils.     

A discussion of the methods for comparing the relative effectiveness of phosphate fertilizers varying in solubility

Because various phosphate (P) fertilizers differ widely in their solubility, it is commonly observed that crop response to P fertilizers varies under the same soil and crop conditions. Furthermore, a major problem encountered in the methods for determining the relative effectiveness (RE) of water-insoluble P fertilizer (e.g., phosphate rock) with respect to water-soluble P fertilizers, e.g., single superphosphate (SSP) and triple superphosphate (TSP), is that their growth response curves are usually nonlinear and often do not share a common maximum yield. In this paper, we review and discuss the advantages and disadvantages of the three most commonly used methods for calculating the RE of phosphate rock with respect to TSP (or SSP). The three methods are vertical comparison, horizontal (substitution rate) comparison, and linear-response comparison.     

两种异噻唑防腐剂抑菌效果的研究

研究了两种异噻唑衍生物防腐剂的防腐最佳pH值，以及防腐剂对微生物的最低抑制浓度（MIC），确定了在洗洁精中，单一防腐剂的最低用量，对两种防腐剂在洗洁精中的混合使用亦进行了研究。     

A203型低温氨合成催化剂使用小结

对Ａ２０３型低温氨合成催化剂的使用进行总结，介绍了该催化剂的装填，升温还原情况及使用效果。     

施工项目管理与贯标工作相融合的探索与实践

由于建筑工程施工的单件性、复杂性，在工程项目实施过程中贯标工作与工程项目管理工作通常不太融合，有时甚至形成“两层皮”现象。因此，针对这一现象，在承建410t／h锅炉工程中，借贯彻2000版ISO9001标准的有力时机，进行了工程项目管理与贯标工作融合性的探索与实践，取得了较好的效果。     

生物综合毒性监测技术进展与多源生物预警体系

为进一步推动生物综合毒性监测技术的应用,对发光菌、藻类、溞类和鱼类作为指示生物进行生物综合毒性测试的研究进展进行了总结,分析了4种指示生物在综合毒性测试中的优点与不足,发现了不同指示生物在检测范围、检测时间及检测限方面存在的明显差异。研究结果表明:相对于现实复杂的污染物构成现状,单一指示生物难以全面、高效、客观地检测评价污染物的毒性,需要将4种指示生物进行联合预警,充分发挥不同指示生物的优势,才能达到最佳的预警效果。在已有研究的基础上提出了多源生物联合预警技术体系,并在丹江口水源区对17种常见典型污染物进行了测试研究。测试结果表明,多源生物预警技术能显著提高预警效率。     

Assessment of the relative agronomic effectiveness of phosphate rocks under glasshouse conditions

Six phosphate rocks (PRs) of varying reactivities were compared with monocalcium phosphate (MCP) in a glasshouse experiment growing perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne cv. Nui) as the test plant on four soils of contrasting P sorption capacity and exchangeable Ca. The cumulative dry matter yield over 10 harvests showed a significant response to P application in all soils. Based on relative yield and P uptake, MCP was the most effective P fertilizer followed by the reactive phosphate rocks, which were superior to the unreactive rocks in all soils. The relative agronomic effectiveness (RAE) and substitution ratio (SR) of individual PR fertilizers, calculated with respect to MCP using the methods of vertical and horizontal comparison, respectively, were similar over a range of fertilizer rate. There was a decline or slight increase in the performance of PRs with time in the low P sorption soils but a consistent increase in the high P sorption soils. Some initial influence of exchangeable Ca content of the soils on the relative performance of PRs was also observed. Generally the PRs performed better in high P sorption soils than low P sorption soils and in low exchangeable Ca soils than high exchangeable Ca soils.     

水性涂料漆膜防霉效力测试若干问题的探讨

介绍了防霉剂防霉效力不同的测试方法以及国内外漆膜防霉性能测试的相关标准，提出了水性涂料漆膜防霉效力测试应采用人工环境长霉试验方法，探讨了国内外水性涂料防霉标准及测试方法中有待解决的问题。