Films formed from polystyrene latex/clay composites: A fluorescence study

This study reports a steady-state fluorescence (SSF) technique for studying film formation from surfactant-free polystyrene (PS) latex and Na-montmorillonite (SNaM) composites. The composite films were prepared from pyrene (P)-labeled PS particles and SNaM clay at room temperature and annealed at elevated temperatures in 10-min intervals above glass transition temperature (t₃) of polystyrene. During the annealing processes, the transparency of the film improved considerably. Scattered light (I_s) and fluorescence intensity (I_p) from P were measured after each annealing step to monitor the stages of film formation. Evolution of transparency of composite films was monitored by using photon transmission intensity, I_tr. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to detect the variation in physical structure of annealed composite films. Minimum film formation temperature, T_q, and healing temperatures, T_h, were determined. Void closure and interdiffusion stages were modeled and related activation energies were determined. It was observed that both activation energies increased as the percent of SNaM was increased in composite films.     

一种蓝色电泳液微胶囊的制备与表征

采用十八胺对酞青蓝BGs进行化学修饰,以Span-80为稳定剂,四氯乙烯为分散介质,制备了分散性和稳定性良好的电泳显示液.用该电泳液作囊芯,以尿素和甲醛进行界面反应形成囊壁,制备了蓝色电子墨水微胶囊,讨论了搅拌速度、酸化时间和固化条件等对微胶囊形貌与物理性质的影响.所制备微胶囊呈规则球形,表面光滑,囊壁结构致密,平均粒径为100 μm,包覆率达89%.采用红外光谱、光学显微镜和电泳实验等方法,研究微胶囊结构及电场响应,蓝色电泳液微胶囊在电场作用下具有明显可逆移动响应.     

胶印机色墨转换实验及数据库开发

在胶印机色彩检测与控制系统中,色墨转换实验数据对色墨转换算法的研究及色彩控制的准确度具有重要的作用.开放式色墨转换工艺数据库便于用户根据自己的需要添加新的色墨转换数据,提高色彩检测与控制系统的通用性及控制精度.在确定色墨转换实验方案的基础上,在北人集团的对开四色胶印机上进行了色墨转换实验;综合考虑影响色墨转换实验的各因素,设计了色墨转换工艺数据库;并采用Visual C++及MySQL开发了开放式色墨转换工艺数据库管理系统,用户可以方便地进行数据的查询、添加、删除及修改等操作.     

油性颜料型彩色喷墨墨水的性能研究

以丙烯酸甲酯,甲基丙烯酸甲酯和丙烯酰胺为单体,经过自由基共聚,再经Hofmann降解反应,合成了带有胺基的丙烯酸酯类的共聚物。将该共聚物作为喷墨墨水中的连接料,达到增强颜料在墨水中的分散稳定性的目的。用红外光谱确定了酰胺基到胺基的转化。测定了带胺基的聚丙烯酸酯的连接料含量与墨水体系稳定性、沉降率的关系。带胺基的聚丙烯酸酯的连接料配制成的墨水,体系稳定性好,置于扫描电镜下观察,颜料具有较好的颗粒粒径和分布。     

打印机光谱特性化方法研究综述

目的 打印输出技术是目前国内外图像复制领域的主流技术。打印机特征化旨在建立打印机输入控制值与输出色彩信息值之间的对应关系,保证打印输出图像各像素色彩值的准确性。基于可见光谱的打印机特性化过程,以图像光谱信息作为打印机特性化过程中的色彩控制依据,可避免基于色度的打印输出过程所固有的同色异谱问题,实现图像色彩复制领域最高级别的无条件颜色匹配。在广泛文献调研的基础上,本文回顾了打印机光谱特性化方法各部分研究的发展历程,分析介绍了该领域主要研究内容及其研究现状,对打印机光谱特性化方法流程进行了较为全面的综述。方法 以Yule-Nielsen修正的光谱Neugebauer模型（YNSN模型）为典型代表,从打印机墨量限制方法、正向光谱预测模型、反向光谱分色模型以及色彩匹配评价度量4个方面,对目前基于可见光谱的打印机特性化方法研究情况进行了总结与归纳,并结合现有研究存在的问题对未来研究发展趋势进行了展望。结果 综合近几年该领域研究发展情况,认为目前打印机光谱特性化方法研究在墨量限制算法合理性、正反向建模精度等方面已经取得了较为理想的结果。然而,尽管已有20多年的广泛研究,鉴于光谱数据的高维性以及具体应用场景的多样性,导致准确而高效的实现光谱打印机特性化仍然是一个极具难度的问题,特别在建模效率提高、模型适用性增强、模型物理意义提升以及评价度量综合性能优化等方面,目前研究仍存在较大的研究发展空间。结论 打印机光谱特性化是实现图像色彩信息高保真打印复制的必要手段,其今后将继续在图像复制领域起到非常关键作用。然而,由于基于光谱的打印机特性化过程涉及光谱学及色度学理论、半色调呈色理论、最优化计算理论、人眼视觉机理、数字加网技术等多种理论与技术,故其研究具有一定的难度与挑战性。本文对打印机光谱特性化方法研究现状进行了较为深入的介绍与分析,意在使国内同行对该领域有一个较为全面的了解,以期引起更多研究者对该领域的关注。由于篇幅所限,许多问题未及深究。     

Development of an Asymmetric Hydrophobic/Hydrophilic Ultrathin Graphene Oxide Membrane as Actuator and Conformable Patch for Heart Repair

A conductive engineered cardiac patch (ECP) can reconstruct the biomimetic regenerative microenvironment of an infarcted myocardium. Direct ink writing (DIW) and 3D printing can produce an ECP with precisely controlled microarchitectures. However, developing a printed ECP with high conductivity and flexibility for gapless attachment to conform to epicardial geometry remains a challenge. Herein, an asymmetrical DIW hydrophobic/hydrophilic membrane using heat-processed graphene oxide (GO) ink is developed. The “Masked spin coating” method is also developed that leads to a microscale GO (hydrophilic)/reduced GO (rGO, hydrophobic) physiological sensor, as well as a macroscale moisture-driven GO/rGO actuator. Depositing mussel-inspired polydopamine (PDA) coating on the one side of the DIW rGO , the ultrathin (approximately 500 nm) PDA-rGO (hydrophilic)/rGO (hydrophobic) microlattice (DrGOM) ECP is bestowed with the flexibility and moisture-responsive actuation that allows gapless attachment to the curved surface of the epicardium. Conformable DrGOM exhibits a promising therapeutic effect on rats' infarcted hearts through conductive microenvironment reconstruction and improved neovascularization.     

Ultraprecise 3D Printed Graphene Aerogel Microlattices on Tape for Micro Sensors and E-Skin

3D printed graphene aerogels hold promise for flexible sensing fields due to their flexibility, low density, conductivity, and piezo-resistivity. However, low printing accuracy/fidelity and stochastic porous networks have hindered both sensing performance and device miniaturization. Here, printable graphene oxide (GO) inks are formulated through modulating oxygen functional groups, which allows printing of self-standing 3D graphene oxide aerogel microlattice (GOAL) with an ultra-high printing resolution of 70 µm. The reduced GOAL (RGOAL) is then stuck onto the adhesive tape as a facile and large-scale strategy to adapt their functionalities into target applications. Benefiting from the printing resolution of 70 µm, RGOAL tape shows better performance and data readability when used as micro sensors and robot e-skin. By adjusting the molecular structure of GO, the research realizes regulation of rheological properties of GO hydrogel and the 3D printing of lightweight and ultra-precision RGOAL, improves the sensing accuracy of graphene aerogel electronic devices and realizes the device miniaturization, expanding the application of graphene aerogel devices to a broader field such as micro robots, which is beyond the reach of previous reports.     

In Situ Electrical Network Activation and Deactivation in Short Carbon Fiber Composites via 3D Printing

Prior studies on carbon-filler based, conductive polymer composites have mainly investigated how conductive filler morphology and concentration can tailor a material's electrical conductivity and overlooks the effects of filler alignment due to the difficulty to control and quickly quantify the filler alignment. Here, direct ink write 3D printing's unique ability is utilized to control carbon fiber alignment with a single process parameter, velocity ratio, to instantaneously activate or deactivate the electrical network in composites. Maximum electrical conductivity is achieved by randomly aligning carbon fibers that enhances the chance of direct fiber-to-fiber contact and, thus, activating the electrical network. However, aligning the fibers by increasing the velocity ratio disrupts the electrical network by minimizing fiber-to-fiber contact that resulted in a drastic decrease in electrical conductivity by as much as five orders of magnitude in both short and long carbon fiber composites. With this study, this study demonstrates that electrically conductive or insulative composites can be fabricated sequentially with a single ink. This novel ability to instantaneously control the electrical conductivity of carbon fiber reinforced composites allow to directly embed conductive pathways into designs to 3D print multifunctional composites that are capable of localized heating and self-sensing.     

墨汁碳纳米粒增强壳聚糖复合膜的制备及性能研究

利用墨汁中碳纳米粒为增强体,以流延法制备墨汁/壳聚糖复合膜。采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对复合膜的结构进行了表征,研究不同的墨汁加入量对墨汁/壳聚糖复合膜力学、耐水以及光透过率等性能的影响。结果表明低含量墨汁中碳纳米粒可均匀分散在壳聚糖基体中。与纯壳聚糖膜相比,加入墨汁后的复合膜的力学性能和耐水性能得到了明显的提高。复合膜的光透过率随着复合膜中墨汁含量的增加急剧下降,具有非常优异的光阻隔性能。     

Recent Advances on 3D Printing Technique for Thermal‐Related Applications

Advances in ink formulation and printing techniques make producing material systems with new and versatile characteristics and functionalities possible. Additive manufacturing or 3D printing enables fabricating complex structures at a faster production rate using different types of materials for various applications. Recently, 3D printing methods are being studied for thermal‐related applications. In this paper, the authors review recent progress of materials and printing techniques for thermal application devices using composite materials.