瞬变 / 谐变一体化的大地电磁收发线圈设计

采用瞬变电磁法和谐变电磁法仪器观测地下空间数据并进行融合处理,能够提高探测成像能力,然而现有的瞬变电磁法和谐变电磁法仪器独立成套,必须配置多套仪器分次采集。设计了一种可满足瞬变/谐变两种模式使用的小型、大带宽、高灵敏度大地电磁收发线圈,为便携、浅层高分辨的瞬变/谐变一体化电磁探测系统开发奠定基础。首先,建立了空心线圈传感器等效电路模型,分析了线圈传感器的灵敏度和噪声特性,制作的传感器经过测试表明,在1 125 Hz处,灵敏度为23.12 mV/nT,等效磁噪声9.27 pT/√Hz,传感器带宽1 Hz～100 kHz;然后,通过公式和有限元软件对传感线圈偏心放置时收发耦合进行了计算,确定了收发线圈组合的最佳耦合位置,计算和仿真结果与实际位置分别相差0.21%和0.17%,有效对消了发射磁场(一次场)。构建了时间域和频率域电磁法探测系统,测试表明,设计的瞬变/谐变一体化收发线圈能够满足时间域和频率域电磁法两种探测模式使用。     

基于混沌理论的电力系统微弱谐波检测方法研究

针对微弱谐波信号时频域分析检测方法在宽谱环境噪声较强场景中无法识别目标信号的缺陷,首先引入混沌系统的随机共振原理,在信号成分完全未知的情况下,利用随机噪声增强微弱目标信号进行频率盲检。进一步引入Duffing混沌系统,利用其对特定频率周期信号幅值的极高敏感性和噪声抵抗力,对检出的各谐波频率分量进行幅值精准检测。在经典随机共振模型的基础上,通过归一化改进了系统参数。结合Duffing混沌系统模型,设计了实时检测控制策略。通过粒子群寻优算法,以系统输入输出信号的互相关系数为适应度函数,寻找最优系统参数。对强随机噪声背景下的多整次谐波与间谐波混叠的谐波信号进行了仿真实验。结果表明,所提方法能在恶劣的噪声环境中,实现各谐波分量的无差频率检测与高精度幅值检测。     

弱电网下基于谐波状态空间模型的光储-虚拟同步发电机稳定性分析与优化控制研究

虚拟同步发电机(virtual synchronous generator, VSG)技术因提供阻尼和惯量而被广泛用于新能源并网逆变器。光储并入弱电网易发生频率耦合等问题,因而VSG并网稳定性分析变得更加复杂。针对光储并入弱电网系统,考虑频率耦合,在dq域中建立基于谐波状态空间(harmonic state space, HSS)理论的多时间尺度虚拟同步发电机模型。采用归一化参数灵敏度分析法,揭示功率环、电压环和低通滤波中虚拟惯量J、虚拟阻尼Dp、下垂系数Ku、比例系数kpu和截止频率ωc等关键控制参数根轨迹的特性和电网强度对系统稳定性的影响。并通过调整优化控制参数,提高系统稳定性。最后在Matlab/Simulink仿真平台验证谐波状态空间模型精确度和关键参数根轨迹特性。     

A Dilute Fluorinated Phosphate Electrolyte Enables 4.9 V-Class Potassium Ion Full Batteries

Potassium ion batteries using graphite anode and high-voltage cathodes are considered to be optimizing candidates for large-scale energy storage. However, the lack of suitable electrolytes significantly hinders the development of high-voltage potassium ion batteries. Herein, a dilute (0.8 m ) fluorinated phosphate electrolyte is proposed, which exhibits extraordinary compatibility with both graphite anode and high-voltage cathodes. The phosphate solvent, tris(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl) phosphate (TFP), has weak solvating ability, which not only allows the formation of robust anion-derived solid electrolyte interphase on graphite anode but also effectively suppresses the corrosion of Al current collector at high voltage. Meanwhile, the high oxidative stability of fluorinated TFP solvent enables stable ultrahigh-voltage (4.95 V) cycling of a potassium vanadium fluorophosphate (KVPO₄F) cathode. Using TFP-based electrolyte, the 4.9 V-class potassium ion full cell based on graphite anode and KVPO₄F cathode shows rather remarkable cycling performance with a high capacity retention of 87.2% after 200 cycles. This study provides a route to develop dilute electrolytes for high-voltage potassium ion batteries, by utilizing solvents with both weak solvating ability and high oxidative stability.     

Adaptive prescribed time control for quadrotor formation with stochastic links failure

The formation control for multiple quadrotors subject to maintaining the formation configuration and collision avoidance in the situation of stochastic links failure is investigated in this paper. First, the distributed formation controller is designed, the position controller is developed to manage the desired formation of position, and the attitude controller is developed to control the translation and rotation movements of the quadrotor. Then, in order to avoid the collisions between multiple quadrotors and the obstacles, a potential energy function method is introduced into the quadrotor formation control combined with the nest adaptive control. Inspired by the design of event trigger controller, a communication compensation controller is designed to ensure the stability of quadrotor formation under the condition of random communication interruption and recovery. Moreover, a prescribed time function is designed, which means the convergence time of the formation system can be set in advance. The prescribed time stability of the formation control system is proved by Lyapunov theory. Finally, the simulation results verify the effectiveness and superiority of this method.     

锁相环同步VSC接入弱网下的低频动态稳定性分析模型与机理研究

基于锁相环(PLL)同步接入弱网的电压源型换流器(WG-VSC)存在由“外环-PLL-弱网”交互主导的低频动态(LFD)稳定问题。为清晰揭示各关键环节及其交互对WG-VSC的LFD影响机理,提出一种等效PLL模型。首先建立了适用于多种典型外环控制模式的WG-VSC的LFD分析的基本模型,该模型包含原PLL环节及耦合了外环、电网强度及VSC运行点信息的“外环-弱网”环节。其次,将“外环-弱网”环节划分为有功侧外环对PLL的影响路径及无功侧外环所引入的对PLL的影响路径,以清晰表征VSC外环与PLL的交互关系。然后,基于LFD主导模态将“外环-弱网”环节简化为一阶环节,并结合原PLL的PI控制环节,得到保持足够LFD分析精度的二阶等效PLL模型,并基于该模型分析和揭示了“外环-PLL-弱网”的交互对WG-VSC的LFD的影响机理。最后,基于详细开关模型的时域仿真结果验证了等效PLL模型的有效性和分析结果的准确性。     

基于结构诱导人工表面等离激元的宽带低耦合电路北大核心CSCD

实现超宽带传输和超高集成度设计是微波和太赫兹电路发展的终极目标。针对以上目标,本文提出了结构诱导人工表面等离激元的概念。基于此设计并验证了具有超高局附性和超小传输常数的结构诱导人工表面等离激元电路结构,打破了传统人工表面等离激元电路对传输常数和衰减常数的限制。理论分析和数值验证表明,相较于经典人工表面等离激元,具备优异的场局附性和传输特性的结构诱导人工表面等离激元具有明显的弱色散和低耦合特性,在电路设计中可以有效减少宽带信号传输的色散失真,同时提高布线密度。     

Healing Effect of Controlled Anti‐Electromigration on Conventional and High‐Tc Superconducting Nanowires

The electromigration process has the potential capability to move atoms one by one when properly controlled. It is therefore an appealing tool to tune the cross section of monoatomic compounds with ultimate resolution or, in the case of polyatomic compounds, to change the stoichiometry with the same atomic precision. As demonstrated here, a combination of electromigration and anti‐electromigration can be used to reversibly displace atoms with a high degree of control. This enables a fine adjustment of the superconducting properties of Al weak links, whereas in Nb the diffusion of atoms leads to a more irreversible process. In a superconductor with a complex unit cell (La_2?x Ce_x CuO₄), the electromigration process acts selectively on the oxygen atoms with no apparent modification of the structure. This allows to adjust the doping of this compound and switch from a superconducting to an insulating state in a nearly reversible fashion. In addition, the conditions needed to replace feedback controlled electromigration by a simpler technique of electropulsing are discussed. These findings have a direct practical application as a method to explore the dependence of the characteristic parameters on the exact oxygen content and pave the way for a reversible control of local properties of nanowires.     

On computational homogenization of microscale crack propagation

The effective response of microstructures undergoing crack propagation is studied by homogenizing the response of statistical volume elements (SVEs). Because conventional boundary conditions (Dirichlet, Neumann and strong periodic) all are inaccurate when cracks intersect the SVE boundary, we herein use first order homogenization to compare the performance of these boundary conditions during the initial stage of crack propagation in the microstructure, prior to macroscopic localization. Using weakly periodic boundary conditions that lead to a mixed formulation with displacements and boundary tractions as unknowns, we can adapt the traction approximation to the problem at hand to obtain better convergence with increasing SVE size. In particular, we show that a piecewise constant traction approximation, which has previously been shown to be efficient for stationary cracks, is more efficient than the conventional boundary conditions in terms of convergence also when crack propagation occurs on the microscale. The performance of the method is demonstrated by examples involving grain boundary crack propagation modelled by conventional cohesive interface elements as well as crack propagation modelled by means of the extended finite element method in combination with the concept of material forces. © 2016 The Authors. International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.     

基于FFT-OMP-DAMAS波束形成方法的汽车前围板隔声薄弱部位识别

为实现汽车前围板隔声薄弱部位的准确识别,文章提出了基于快速傅里叶变换(Fast Fourier Transform,FFT)和正交匹配追踪(Orthogonal Matching Pursuit,OMP)的反卷积(Deconvolution Approach for the Mapping of Acoustic Sourc‐es,DAMAS)波束形成方法(FFT-OMP-DAMAS)。该方法基于声源稀疏分布假设,利用正交匹配追踪思想求解反卷积问题,并进一步结合傅里叶变换和点扩散函数空间转移不变假设降低计算维度。在混响室-消声室内,分别利用延迟求和方法,DAMAS方法和FFT-OMP-DAMAS方法进行了某汽车前围板隔声薄弱部位识别试验,结果表明：FFTOMP-DAMAS方法能够有效抑制旁瓣和伪源,有效缩减主瓣宽度,从而准确识别汽车前围板隔声薄弱部位,且相较于传统的DAMAS方法,文中提出的FFT-OMP-DAMAS方法能获得更清晰的成像结果,计算效率有了明显提高。