隐私、舒适与安全——家居文化漫话

本文从家居文化、家居生活的视角出发,探讨了隐私、舒适的概念,以及它们产生和发展的漫长过程,也探讨了家具的安全要素及其重要性。     

Consultation to Help Individuals Cope With Lifestyle Modification.

The escalating prevalence of chronic health problems related to lifestyle is extremely costly to organizations. It is likely that organizational consultants will have increasing opportunities to plan and implement interventions at the individual level for health behavior change. This article describes the importance of such consultation, emphasizing the role of coping in the behavior change process. In addition to identifying relevant research and theoretical literature, specific recommendations for how to conduct lifestyle change consultation are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

我国建筑节能战略研究

给出了我国建筑运行能耗现状,并按照北方城镇建筑采暖、长江流域住宅采暖、住宅用能、非住宅建筑用能以及农村民用建筑用能的分类方法,分别分析了各类建筑能耗的特点、问题和节能的主要途径,同时对比了发达国家同类建筑用能与我国的差别。在基于数据和实际现象的分析的基础上,提出我国建筑能耗显著低于发达国家的主要原因是由于不同的生活方式和建筑使用模式所致,而维持目前这种相对节约的建筑使用方式与生活模式是实现我国建筑节能目标的基础。不同的生活方式和建筑使用方式需要不同的技术措施去实现节能,因此我国一定要采用与发达国家不同的技术途径来实现建筑节能目标。     

老年人生活形态研究与产品用户模型分析

从老年人的生理和心理变化特征入手,对老年人的生活形态进行了总结和分类.利用调研问卷的形式,对不同生活形态的老年手机用户进行了分析和比较,并通过对不同年龄段老年手机用户的采访调查,就手机的常用功能、外观形态、期望改进方向等问题进行了座标分析和归纳整理,最终形成了老年手机用户模型.     

面向可持续生活方式的工业设计策略与案例研究

可持续设计必须考虑到在整个产品生命周期中环境、经济和社会等因素的影响。通过系统分析和比较可持续设计、绿色设计和生态设计等概念,研究了可持续生活方式的表现形式和内涵。在此基础上,提出了可持续生活方式导向下的产品创新设计策略,这些策略主要包括关注服务系统、关注地域环境、关注公众参与和关注用户行为。应用这些策略,分析了由美国哥伦比亚大学地球研究所的科学家和工程师所开发的竹制自行车项目。     

Beyond keeping active: Concomitants of being a volunteer in old-old age.

This study examines concomitants of volunteering in the context of other lifestyle activities. Investigating formal volunteering in old-old age, the authors analyzed data of 148 volunteers versus 1,195 nonvolunteers in a national sample of the Israeli Jewish population aged 75-94. As hypothesized, being a volunteer related (whether as a cause or effect) to more positive functioning on psychosocial markers and prospectively resulted in reduced mortality risk even when other activity outlets (physical activity, everyday activities, having a hobby) were controlled. These findings suggest that the benefits of volunteering in late life are not reducible to those of other activities. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Lifestyle interventions in the treatment of childhood overweight: A meta-analytic review of randomized controlled trials.

Context: Evaluating the efficacy of pediatric weight loss treatments is critical. Objective: This is the first meta-analysis of the efficacy of RCTs comparing pediatric lifestyle interventions to no-treatment or information/education-only controls. Data Sources: Medline, PsycINFO, and Cochrane Controlled Trials Register. Study Selection: Fourteen RCTs targetting change in weight status were eligible, yielding 19 effect sizes. Data Extraction: Standardized coding was used to extract information on design, participant characteristics, interventions, and results. Data Synthesis: For trials with no-treatment controls, the mean effect size was 0.75 (κ = 9, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.52-0.98) at end of treatment and 0.60 (κ = 4, CI = 0.27-0.94) at follow-up. For trials with information/education-only controls, the mean ES was 0.48 (κ = 4, CI = 0.13-0.82) at end of treatment and 0.91 (κ = 2, CI = 0.32-1.50) at follow-up. No moderator effects were identified. Conclusions: Lifestyle interventions for pediatric overweight are efficacious in the short term with some evidence for extended persistence. Future research is required to identify moderators and mediators and to determine the optimal length and intensity of treatment required to produce enduring changes in weight status. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Giving parents a voice: A qualitative study of the challenges experienced by parents of children with disabilities.

Background: This study sought to examine the specific sources of challenges as identified by parents of children with disabilities. Method: Focus groups were conducted with 40 parent caregivers. Data gathered were coded into themes which were then analyzed through an intentional process of data reduction that resulted in the cross site validation of four superordinate themes. Results: Four themes emerged as the most prominent barriers to positive parent wellbeing: (a) access to information and services, (b) financial barriers, (c) school and community inclusion, and (d) family support. These four themes are indicative of problems associated with a lack of match between caregiver needs and services, resources, or support available in the community to meet those needs. Conclusion: Caring for a child with a disability can be challenging, but many of these challenges are likely due to a lack of necessary environmental supports. Future research should expand on these findings and policy makers, scientists and providers should give particular attention to the environmental support needs of parents in order to create policies and interventions that are more family-centered. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Lifestyle interventions for youth who are overweight: A meta-analytic review.

Objective: Clear evidence suggests that lifestyle interventions can be helpful in the treatment of youth who are overweight, but translational research is needed to address the gap between treatment research and clinical care. Design: This meta-analysis integrated the results of 66 treatment–control comparisons and 59 alternate treatment comparisons evaluating lifestyle interventions for children and adolescents who were overweight. Main Outcome Measures: Between-groups differences in weight-related outcomes and other health-related behaviors at the end of treatment. Results: Lifestyle interventions were effective in a range of settings and with a range of participants. Even relatively brief programs had benefits apparent months after the end of treatment. A key component appeared to be the expectation that parents would be actively involved in treatment. Program benefits included not only better weight management but also better eating habits. Conclusion: The results suggest that lifestyle interventions can be effective under a wide range of conditions not limited to the highly controlled conditions of efficacy studies. Parent involvement is associated with significantly better results. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)