设计与生活方式

设计与生活方式可以说是一对"老冤家",自从人类诞生之日起到现代社会,设计对我们的生活的作用是毋庸置疑的,设计在一定程度上培养了我们的生活方式,而生活又是设计灵感的主要来源。设计的最终目的就是创造一种生活方式,使人能够和自然界和谐相处,共同发展。文章论述的是设计与生活方式之间的关系,希望通过探讨研究,对产品设计的发展和研究提供一定的借鉴。     

Why don't consumers go internet shopping in Korea? Segmentation of consumer lifestyle approach

Due to the rapid increase of internet users, internet shopping malls in Korea are growing at a very rapid rate, though a structural vulnerability is also being revealed. About 55.8% of internet users in Korea use internet shopping malls. Therefore, to enlarge the sizes of internet shopping markets, it is paramount to attract shoppers who do not currently shop on the internet. In this regard, this study analysed the characteristics of internet shoppers and non-internet shoppers from diverse aspects based on surveys conducted on 4298 subjects residing across Korea, using 28 consumer lifestyle measurement items. The results of the analysis indicated that non-internet shoppers are married, earning relatively high incomes, and have little experience in accessing the internet. A Chi-square Automatic Interaction Detection (CHAID) analysis was conducted, and the result indicated that internet shoppers pursued the product/service information from internet shopping, but non-internet shoppers did not want to use credit cards during internet shopping. Based on the above mentioned study results, it was attempted to present detail strategies for internet shopping mall businesses to attract non-internet shoppers to internet shopping markets.     

Environmental Factors That Affect Parathyroid Hormone and Calcitonin Levels

Calciotropic hormones, parathyroid hormone (PTH) and calcitonin are involved in the regulation of bone mineral metabolism and maintenance of calcium and phosphate homeostasis in the body. Therefore, an understanding of environmental and genetic factors influencing PTH and calcitonin levels is crucial. Genetic factors are estimated to account for 60% of variations in PTH levels, while the genetic background of interindividual calcitonin variations has not yet been studied. In this review, we analyzed the literature discussing the influence of environmental factors (lifestyle factors and pollutants) on PTH and calcitonin levels. Among lifestyle factors, smoking, body mass index (BMI), diet, alcohol, and exercise were analyzed; among pollutants, heavy metals and chemicals were analyzed. Lifestyle factors that showed the clearest association with PTH levels were smoking, BMI, exercise, and micronutrients taken from the diet (vitamin D and calcium). Smoking, vitamin D, and calcium intake led to a decrease in PTH levels, while higher BMI and exercise led to an increase in PTH levels. In terms of pollutants, exposure to cadmium led to a decrease in PTH levels, while exposure to lead increased PTH levels. Several studies have investigated the effect of chemicals on PTH levels in humans. Compared to PTH studies, a smaller number of studies analyzed the influence of environmental factors on calcitonin levels, which gives great variability in results. Only a few studies have analyzed the influence of pollutants on calcitonin levels in humans. The lifestyle factor with the clearest relationship with calcitonin was smoking (smokers had increased calcitonin levels). Given the importance of PTH and calcitonin in maintaining calcium and phosphate homeostasis and bone mineral metabolism, additional studies on the influence of environmental factors that could affect PTH and calcitonin levels are crucial.     

Internet Technology and Social Capital:How the Internet Affects Seniors’ Social Capital and Wellbeing

Although it is increasingly obvious that the Internet is changing human life; the details of this change are not yet clear. A major debate in current literature involves the capacity of the Internet to enhance social capital and wellbeing in old age. In this regard, the present study attempts to investigate the relationships between Internet use and older people’s social capital and wellbeing. An online survey was conducted at the University of Sydney. 222 seniors responded to the survey. The measures used included a wide range of instruments related to the Internet use, social capital and wellbeing. Respondents used the Internet for various purposes, including seeking information, entertainment, commerce, communication, and finding new people. The main findings of the study were that the relationships between Internet use, social capital and wellbeing is a complex construct and the Internet has different effects on social capital and wellbeing resulting from different use of this technology. The study results revealed that the Internet is a 2‐edged sword with the ability to both harm and help. According to the findings of this study, using the Internet can be helpful for older adults if they are aware how they use it.     

Speciality food orientation of food related lifestyle (FRL) segments in Great Britain

This paper provides an understanding of the degree to which six food related lifestyle (FRL) segments on the British market are speciality oriented with regard to their food beliefs and behaviours.

A reduced form of the FRL questionnaire was used in this research, enabling the allocation of consumers to the six FRL segments identified by [Buckley, M., Cowan, C., McCarthy, M., & O’Sullivan, C. (2005). The convenience consumer and food-related lifestyles in Great Britain. Journal of Food Product Marketing: Quality Products: Production, Demand and Public Policy, 11(3)]. Additional speciality statements were created to assess the speciality orientation of the segments.

Two segments, namely the adventurous and rational, together accounting for 41% of the British population, are identified as being more speciality orientated than the remaining four segments. The careless and snacking FRL segments are also interested in speciality foods but to a lesser extent than the previous two. Consumers in the two remaining segments, the conservative and uninvolved, are not identified as speciality orientated.     

基于生活形态的餐馆设计研究

餐饮行业的高速发展、市场的竞争加剧、企业经营的高风险以及消费需求的不断升级,要求将餐馆的规划、设计融入与之对应的生活形态,以确保餐馆经营的成功。本文通过对生活形态的理论研究与餐馆设计实务研究,展开餐馆设计研究的工具构建。该设计研究工具包含对餐馆设计的背景诊断、餐馆设计的定位展开及设计结果的评估,它从流程秩序、节点要素和节点技术三个轴向来构建。     

可持续建筑教育:专业知识和职业道德的培养

简要介绍了英国可持续建筑教育的现状,并通过分析其在推行相关教学改革过程中所面临的主要问题,指出融合专业知识及职业道德的综合人才培养模式是取得教学改革成功的关键。     

生活方式变化对我国成人肥胖的影响研究——基于CHNS数据的实证分析

以CHNS数据库为基础,实证分析了从1989—2009年20年间生活方式变化对我国成人肥胖蔓延的影响。结果表明,劳动强度的降低对于被观察者患BMI超重、BMI肥胖,腹胖和中心胖的概率均有显著正向影响;偏好于在家吃晚餐对于被观察者患BMI超重、BMI肥胖,腹胖和中心胖的概率有显著负向影响;喜欢喝啤酒对于被观察者患BMI超重、BMI肥胖,腹胖和中心胖的概率均有显著正向影响。     

Marital status and quality in middle-aged women: Associations with levels and trajectories of cardiovascular risk factors.

The current study compared cardiovascular risk profiles and trajectories (i.e., within-person changes) of women who were married or cohabitating and who had high relationship satisfaction with those of women with moderate or low satisfaction and with those of women who were single, divorced, and widowed. Participants were 493 women from the Healthy Women Study, a prospective investigation of health during and after the menopausal transition. Risk factors were measured across more than 5 occasions and 13 years, on average. Data were analyzed using a multilevel modeling technique. Overall, women in relationships with high satisfaction had lower levels of biological, lifestyle, and psychosocial risk factors when compared with the other groups. In some cases, women in satisfying marriages also showed a lower risk trajectory on risk factors relative to other women. Hence, marriage appears to confer health benefits for women, but only when marital satisfaction is high. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Gut: A key player in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes?

The gut regulates glucose and energy homeostasis; thus, the presence of ingested nutrients into the gut activates sensing mechanisms that affect both glucose homeostasis and regulate food intake. Increasing evidence suggest that gut may also play a key role in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes which may be related to both the intestinal microbiological profile and patterns of gut hormones secretion. Intestinal microbiota includes trillions of microorganisms but its composition and function may be adversely affected in type 2 diabetes. The intestinal microbiota may be responsible of the secretion of molecules that may impair insulin secretion/action. At the same time, intestinal milieu regulates the secretion of hormones such as GLP-1, GIP, ghrelin, gastrin, somatostatin, CCK, serotonin, peptide YY, GLP-2, all of which importantly influence metabolism in general and in particular glucose metabolism. Thus, the aim of this paper is to review the current evidence on the role of the gut in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes, taking into account both hormonal and microbiological aspects.