A survey of heavy metals in municipal wastewater in combined sewer systems during wet and dry weather periods

During wet weather, combined sewer system overflows affect the quality of water in watercourses. For planning overflows, the lowest possible load of priority substances according to Directive 2008/105/EC is crucial and the knowledge of variability in concentrations of elements in the sewer system is necessary. The behaviour of heavy metals in a sewer system was observed in the course of dry weather flow (DWF) and wet weather flow (WWF). We found, from the comparison of concentration medians for the WWF and DWF that during wet weather periods, an increase in the concentrations of As, Cr, Cd, Pb, Mn and Fe occurs in the sewer system and the effect of nonpoint sources manifests itself. Zn, Cu and Ni concentrations decreased during wet weather periods, and Hg concentrations did not significantly change. During the WWF period, a considerable nonhomogeneity of the sewage system was demonstrated.     

轴向压缩下不加劲T型/Y型管节点性能的研究

使用有限元分析软件ABAQUS对轴向压缩载荷下T型和Y型管节点的失效模式﹑极限强度和具体性能进行研究。不加劲管节点的性能可从用于试验的管节点的数据库中提取。在数值分析中,使用修正弧长法可准确地模拟节点的性能,并有助于研究其真正的失效模式。通过数值分析发现,失效模式包括弦构件的局部弯曲、椭圆化变形、弦的塑性破坏。通过数值模拟得出的结果显示:节点表面的临界面积与椭圆化变形﹑变形量和应力有关。此外,对数值分析所预测出的极限强度与已有的试验结果进行了比较和验证。尽管已对管节点进行了大量的研究,但多集中于对极限强度和应力集中系数的估算上而不是对节点性能的具体研究,而此研究是一个全面解释轴向压缩下节点性能的具体研究。在已有的文献资料中很难看到这样深入又详细的节点研究。     

天然气在线密度补偿

天然气压缩因子和密度的在线补偿是工程中需要解决的问题,为此提供了一种用PLC实现的有效在线实施方案,用于天然气压缩因子和密度的计算。     

湿法消化-氢化物原子荧光法测定植物提取物中镉的含量

探讨了应用原子荧光光法测定植物提取物中镉含量的方法。样品用硝酸+高氯酸混合液消化,在盐酸介质中,试样中的镉在镉专用2号试剂存在下,镉1号专用还原剂将二价镉还原成镉的挥发性组分,用AFS-8230原子荧光光度计测定。该法线性范围为0~60μg/L,相关系数r=0.9998,检出限为0.0024μg/L,相对标准偏差为1.36%,回收率为92.8%~96.1%。     

Compression and filtration characteristics of yeast-immobilized beads prepared using different calcium concentrations

Yeast cells were immobilized on calcium alginate beads prepared using different calcium concentrations. The compression properties of the immobilized beads (e.g., softness index and retardation time for compression) were strongly affected by the calcium concentration. The effects of the bead properties on filtration characteristics, such as cake porosity, specific cake filtration resistance, cake compression creeping effect and cake compressibility, were analysed using a dead-end filtration system. The filtration curve of yeast-immobilized beads had an “S” shape, similar to that of soft gel particles. The cake compression behaviour and variation in cake properties were directly reflected on the curve trend. The Voigt in the series model was employed to describe variation in cake porosity with time during a compression. The yeast immobilization increased the bead softness; therefore, the porosity of a cake formed by yeast-immobilized beads was lower than that formed by pure calcium alginate beads. The cakes formed by yeast-immobilized beads possessed a high compressibility of approximately 1.0 and a high softness index of approximately 1.5. The beads prepared using lower calcium concentrations had higher softness, shorter retardation times for compression, higher cake compressibility, lower cake porosity and higher specific cake filtration resistance. The results demonstrated that immobilizing yeast cells on calcium alginate beads is beneficial for retaining higher yeast activity than that of freely suspended yeast. However, the activity levels of yeast immobilized using different calcium concentrations were nearly the same after 3 h. Therefore, using high concentrations of calcium for yeast immobilization is beneficial for improving yeast activity and filtration characteristics.     

环氧树脂/空心玻璃微珠泡沫材料性能研究

以高强度环氧树脂为基体,表面改性处理的空心玻璃微珠(HGB)为填料,经高温固化制备了环氧树脂/HGB泡沫材料,并研究了HGB类型、HGB含量和固化剂用量对泡沫材料压缩性能的影响。研究发现,随着HGB填充量的增大,泡沫材料的密度和压缩强度均下降。当固化剂与环氧树脂物质的量比为0.85时,泡沫材料的抗压性能最好,压缩强度为40.19 MPa。偶联剂改性HGB可以有效改善HGB和基体树脂的粘合效果。当改性HGB质量分数为80%时,与未改性环氧树脂相比,环氧树脂/改性HGB泡沫材料压缩强度提高了5.0%,吸水率下降40.6%。     

彩色聚氨酯皮革染料的制备与研究

以甲苯二异氰酸酯（TDI）、聚丙二醇（PPG1000）、2,2－二羟甲基丙酸（DMPA）、单硬脂酸甘油酯（GMS）、酸性红B等为主要原料,经自乳化法合成了一种彩色聚氨酯皮革染料,采用傅立叶红外吸收光谱分析证实了彩色聚氨酯染料的结构。研究发现聚氨酯染料和原染料相比,紫外－可见光谱图显示在200～250nm处的峰出现了38nm的红移;制备的聚氨酯染料乳液具有良好的冻融稳定性和高温稳定性,彩色聚氨酯膜具有较好的耐热性能和优异的耐干湿擦性能。     

专利综述——压缩机端子用封接玻璃及玻璃封接技术

我国空调的年产量占世界年产量的80%以上,但是80%~90%的空调压缩机端子用封接玻璃需要从美国和日本进口。为了推进我国压缩机端子用封接玻璃粉的发展,本文对压缩机端子的设计、铁封玻璃的要求、封接玻璃配方与增强增韧方法、玻璃珠制备工艺以及端子玻璃封接技术,做了较全面的基于中外专利文献的调研。在文献调研的基础上,依据行业经验,提出了压缩机端子用封接玻璃今后有待深入研究的方向性课题。     

航空复合材料短柱加筋板压缩性能试验研究

开展了航空复合材料短柱加筋板的轴向压缩试验。试验件的破坏形式主要包括壁板的撕裂、筋条的断裂和端部的压溃现象,试验过程中,壁板及筋条没有出现明显的脱粘现象。在试验加载初期,载荷-应变曲线呈线性一致的增加趋势,位移测量点的离面位移值基本保持在0 mm附近;当压缩载荷超过临界屈曲载荷时,载荷-应变曲线出现了明显的分岔现象,且离面位移值快速增加。复合材料短柱加筋板失稳后仍然具有后屈曲承载能力,但是该承载能力较小,当短柱加筋板发生失稳后,随着压缩载荷的增加,试验件会很快发生破坏。有限元仿真结果与试验结果较一致,仿真结果表明短柱加筋板主要发生了壁板的局部失稳。     

碳纤维增强轻质耐压复合材料的制备及性能研究

通过模压工艺制备了短切碳纤维/空心玻璃微珠(K46)/环氧树脂复合材料,并对复合材料的断面形貌、密度、抗压强度和吸水率进行了研究。研究结果表明,随着碳纤维含量的增加,复合材料密度变化较小,抗压强度上升,当碳纤维含量为4%时,抗压强度最大,微珠含量分别为50%、55%、60%的复合材料的抗压强度分别为68.9MPa、65.1MPa、57.2MPa;随碳纤维含量的增加,复合材料饱和吸水率下降,当碳纤维含量为4%时,微珠含量为55%、60%的复合材料达到最小饱和吸水率,分别为0.81%、1.15%。