微孔发泡过程中聚合物/超临界CO2均相体系形成的研究

阐述以超临界CO2为发泡剂的微孔发泡中均相体系的形成过程，研究聚合物熔体和气体的混合机理，并分析影响均相体系形成过程的因素。结果表明，聚合物和气体本身的结构和性质、工艺条件、加工设备、外力场等均影响均相体系的形成，振动力场的引入可以提高多相体系的混合程度，在聚合物／气体均相体系的形成过程中引入振动力场是一个全新的研究方向。     

Specially elaborated thermally induced phase separation to fabricate poly(L‐lactic acid) scaffolds with ultra large pores and good interconnectivity

Poly(L ‐lactic acid) (PLLA) scaffolds with pore diameters from several micrometers to ～300 μm were fabricated by a specially elaborated thermally induced phase separation technique. Two different coarsening protocols, i.e., normal coarsening and multi‐step coarsening were compared in consideration of phase separation and domain growth. A normal coarsening route produced scaffolds with pore size from several micrometers to 150 μm depending on the coarsening time after phase separation, accompanying with the emergence of isolated pores at long time coarsening. Scaffolds with large pores with size up to ～300 μm were fabricated by the two‐step coarsening technique, e.g., the PLLA‐solvent (dioxane/water) system was coarsened at a temperature after phase separation for a period, followed by coarsening at a lower temperature for another period. In parallel with formation of the large pores, the interconnectivity between pores was also improved, which was evidenced by scanning electron microscopy, gelatin solution pervasion, and collagen entrapment. The present technique provides the ability to produce scaffolds with high purity, controllable microstructures, and ease of modification, and hence can be widely used in tissue engineering field. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 101: 3336–3342, 2006     

管壳式换热器管束振动分析及防振措施

针对管壳式换热器常见的振动破坏形式 ,全面分析了管束振动的机理 ,并提出了相应的抗振措施     

Effect of polymer density on polyethylene hollow fiber membrane formation via thermally induced phase separation

Microporous high‐density polyethylene (HDPE) and low‐density polyethylene (LDPE) hollow fiber membranes were prepared from polyethylene–diisodecyl phthalate solution via thermally induced phase separation. Effect of the polyethylene density on the membrane structure and performance was investigated. The HDPE membrane showed about five times higher water permeability than the LDPE membrane because it had the larger pore and the higher porosity at the outer membrane surface. The formation of the larger pore was owing to both the initial larger structure formed by spinodal decomposition and the suppression of the diluent evaporation from the outer membrane surface due to the higher solution viscosity. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 93: 471–474, 2004     

大型活塞式压缩机异常振动的原因及对策

对我公司的1台6列M型活塞式压缩机组振动和噪声异常以及一级、二级连杆大头瓦快速失效的原因进行了分析。研究并实施了在轴系上加装配重体，以适度增大轴系的转动惯量来调整轴系扭转振动固有频率的改造措施，有效消减了轴系的扭转振动，大幅度减小了机组的振动和噪声，提高了连杆大头瓦的使用寿命。     

毛细管动态挤出下聚合物熔体非线性流变行为的研究

采用毛细管动态流变仪,选用PELD、PP、PS和PA等典型物料,研究了毛细管动态挤出下各聚合物熔体的非线性流变行为。结果表明,不同物料的流变行为对振动力场的响应特性有较大差异,只有在一定的振幅和频率下振动力场才能有效降低熔体的黏度。实验首次发现,PP、PS和PA存在窄的振动参数区域,在此区域内,熔体的动态表观黏度值大于相应的稳态值,出现“加振变黏”现象。这一新的发现表明,并非“只要引入振动就一定有利于聚合物材料的成型加工”,必须考虑不同分子结构的聚合物材料对振动的不同响应规律。     

Heat capacities of polyethylene and linear fluoropolymers

Heat capacities at constant pressure, C_p, and at constant volume C_v, were calculated with the help of normal mode frequency spectra and compared to experimental data for crystalline or semicrystalline polyethylene, poly(vinyl fluoride), poly(vinylidene fluoride), polytrifluooroethylene and poly(tetrafluoroethylene). A calculation scheme using a Tarasov function for 2N skeletal vibrational modes and an approximation of the residual 7N normal modes from known data on polyethylene and polytetrafluoroethylene is developed for all homologous, linear fluoropolymers. N is the number of carbon backbone atoms of the repeating unit. Calculations can be carried out over the whole temperature range 0 K to melting. For the two theta temperatures and the constant A₀ used for C_v to C_p conversion, fluorine-concentration dependent curves are given. The relations are expected to hold also for copolymers and blends of intermediate fluorine contents. Recommended experimental (data bank) heat capacities agree to ±2.5% with the calculations.     

设抗震增强体的桩基础力学特性的原位试验研究

在过去的大地震中,许多桩基础因强烈振动和地基变形而遭受结构性破坏,因而提出一种既可以应用于新建桩基础,也可以应用于现有桩基础的抗震加固方法,即采用地基加固技术在桩基础中设置抗震增强体,以与桩基础的钢筋混凝土承台形成双层抗弯结构。采用等比例模型原位水平载荷试验和振动试验以及开挖检查等方法,对抗震加固的力学特性和构建质量进行加固前后的对比研究,进而证实了该加固方法的有效性和可行性,为同类工程起到了一定的参考意义。     

Preparation of microporous chlorinated poly(vinyl chloride) membrane in fabric and the characterization of their pore sizes and pore‐size distributions

Chlorinated poly(vinyl chloride) (CPVC)/poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVP) membranes were prepared by using the solvent system tetrahydrofuran (THF)/n‐butyl alcohol (n‐BA) to investigate the possibility of pore size and pore‐size distribution control. The coagulation of CPVC/PVP solution was induced by the exposure to water vapor at 25 (±0.5)°C. The average pore diameter, d_p, and the size distribution of pores on the surface of the membrane were quantified through the image analyzer from the images visualized by field emission scanning electron microscope (FE‐SEM). Surface pore size and distribution of the prepared CPVC/PVP membrane were strongly affected by the relative humidity (RH) in the environment and the content of PVP used as an additive. Particularly, in the case of CPVC membrane without PVP, the mean pore size was 0.15–0.2 μm, depending on the RH. The pore distribution became broad with the increase of the RH. The membranes had open pores as confirmed by the hydraulic permeation experiment. In addition, the water flux and membrane resistance (R_m) were greatly affected by the composition of polymer solution and the RH. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 86: 1195–1202, 2002     

Effect of ultrasound on the morphology and properties of polypropylene/inorganic filler composites

The effects of ultrasonic irradiation on the rheology, structure, and properties of PP/inorganic filler composites were studied. Scanning electron microscopy showed that ultrasound increased the orientation degrees of acicular fillers to the flow direction. WAXD indicated that ultrasound vibration induced sheet fillers orient with its surface perpendicular to the direction of the ultrasound vibration. The orderly rearrangements of fillers in the polymer melt induced by ultrasound vibration can reduce the steric hindrances in the flow field and increase the flowability of the PP/inorganic filler composites. The effect of ultrasound on reducing the apparent viscosities is very prominent, especially at lower shear rate. Ultrasound has an even more marked effect on reducing the apparent viscosities of composites containing fillers of larger size. With ultrasound vibration, the mechanical properties of the composites are also improved because of the orientation and uniform dispersion of fillers in the matrix. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 97: 1553–1560, 2005