红景天青稞茶酒的试验与研究

以青稞、红景天、茶叶为原料,经清洗、粉碎、液化、加曲发酵、压榨、调配、过滤、杀菌等工序生产红景天青稞茶酒,成品酒色泽淡黄、晶莹透明、香气自然,酒度3％Vol-5％Vol,酸度小于0.28,茶酒同饮、药食同源,具有饮用功能互补、协同显效的双重作用。（孙悟）     

中途抑制发酵法制备葡萄酒的研究

利用中途抑制发酵法可制得低酒精度的干型葡萄酒,也可制得糖度较高的甜葡萄酒.以浓缩葡萄汁为原料,采用直接加入SO2、离心分离酵母,并加入SO2、加热处理、添加酒精或白兰地(蒸馏葡萄酒)等方法,在酒精发酵中途抑制发酵.结果表明,酒精度达到低醇葡萄酒的要求时,加入≥200 mg/L的SO2能停止葡萄酒发酵;离心条件为4000 r/min,10 min分离酵母,再加入≥150 mg/L的SO2也能中止发酵;加热温度≥65℃,10 min后同样可以抑制葡萄酒发酵,再加入150 mg/L SO2可得到低醇葡萄酒.     

桂花甜酒酿酒曲的优选和工艺研究

通过以糯米、桂花为原料,研究几种不同的酒曲在桂花甜酒酿酿制过程中对品质及发酵工艺的影响,并采用正交试验法来确定发酵时间、发酵温度等工艺条件.以桂花甜酒酿成品中总糖、总酸、酒精度、氨基酸态氮等指标参数进行分析,认为采用蜂蜜牌苏州甜酒曲的发酵时间为60h、发酵温度为32℃可以得到风味独特、品质优良的桂花甜酒酿.     

Effectiveness of predicting tunneling-induced ground settlements using machine learning methods with small datasets

Prediction of tunneling-induced ground settlements is an essential task, particularly for tunneling in urban settings. Ground settlements should be limited within a tolerable threshold to avoid damages to aboveground structures. Machine learning(ML) methods are becoming popular in many fields, including tunneling and underground excavations, as a powerful learning and predicting technique. However, the available datasets collected from a tunneling project are usually small from the perspective o...     

一种扩展VIFB的红外与可见光图像融合基准

红外与可见光图像融合是机器视觉的一个重要领域,在日常生活中应用广泛。近年来,虽然红外与可见光图像融合领域已有多种融合算法,但目前该领域还缺乏能够衡量多种融合算法性能的算法框架和融合基准。在简要概述了红外与可见光图像融合的最新进展后,提出了一种扩展VIFB的红外与可见光图像融合基准,该基准由56对图像、32种融合算法和16种评价指标组成。基于该融合基准进行了大量实验,用来测评所选取的融合算法的性能。通过定性和定量结果分析,确定了性能优良的图像融合算法,并对红外与可见光图像融合领域的未来前景进行了展望。     

鲜红斑痣光动力治疗数学模型及临床验证

为了研究光动力治疗(PDT)中各个因素作用的规律,帮助临床采取有效的治疗方案,针对鲜红斑痣(PWS)组织特性,将光动力治疗中组织光分布、单线态氧产生、光敏剂漂白过程和光敏剂扩散过程结合起来,建立适合于光动力治疗鲜红斑痣病变的系统模型。利用建立的模型,对临床中出现的第二光斑治疗效果差的问题进行仿真研究,发现影响其治疗效果的因素,并通过仿真实验提出改进其治疗效果的新方案。通过临床实验,证明了新方案的有效性和模型的有效性。研究结果说明,针对特定的病例条件建立仿真模型,通过仿真实验可以为临床和理论研究提供一种有效的分析方法。     

Mass spectrometry fragmentation pattern of coloured flavanol‐anthocyanin and anthocyanin‐flavanol derivatives in aged red wines of Rioja

Background and Aims: During wine ageing, a great variety of reactions take place, resulting in an immense variety of products whose structure sometimes remains unknown. The aim of this work is the study of different fragmentation patterns of flavanol‐anthocyanin derivatives formed along the wine ageing; these patterns are useful for elucidating the different structures of these compounds and other new related ones. Methods and Results: Several wines from the Protected Denomination of Origin Rioja have been studied by an analytical method that combines column chromatography and high‐performance liquid chromatography with diode array and mass and tandem mass spectrometric detections. Thirty‐five coloured flavanol‐anthocyanin compounds formed by direct reaction or by acetaldehyde‐mediated condensation have been identified. For direct reaction derivatives, two different fragmentation patterns (one of them not previously reported) have been observed depending on the position of flavanol in the coloured derivative. Several compounds have been identified in aged wines for the first time to the authors' knowledge, like (+)‐gallocatechin‐cyanidin‐3‐glucoside and (+)‐catechin‐cyanidin‐3‐glucoside Conclusions: The developed analytical procedure has allowed the identification of some compounds for the first time, and two different fragmentation patterns have been observed depending on the position of flavanol in the pigment. Significance of the Study: The establishment of different fragmentation patterns allows the structural elucidation of unknown compounds.     

Comparing the impact of bentonite addition for both must clarification and wine fining on the chemical profile of wine from Chambave Muscat grapes

The impact of bentonite fining is generally studied on final wines, and few studies have evaluated it throughout the winemaking process. This work studied the fate of proteins and terpenols, the main targets of bentonite addition, during the processing of Chambave Muscat aromatic grapes. The experimental trials were performed in two vintages (2006 and 2007) and included the following processes: bentonite addition to must only (100 g hL^?1 in both vintages), fining of wine only (100 g hL^?1 in both vintages), double bentonite treatment on must and wine (200 and 150 g hL^?1 in 2006 and in 2007, respectively) and no treatment (control). The results demonstrated that the treatment allowing the best removal of protein was the addition of bentonite to must only. Moreover, a lower removal of free terpenols was observed in samples from double treatment compared with wines fined with bentonite only after alcoholic fermentation.     

Purification,characterisation and application of α‐l‐rhamnosidase from Penicillium citrinum MTCC‐8897

An α‐l ‐rhamnosidase secreted by Penicillium citrinum MTCC‐8897 has been purified to homogeneity from the culture filtrate of the fungal strain using ammonium sulphate precipitation and cation‐exchange chromatography on carboxymethyl cellulose. The sodium dodecyl sulphate/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis of the purified enzyme gave a single protein band corresponding to the molecular mass 51.0 kDa. The native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis also gave a single protein band confirming the enzyme purity. The K_m and V_max values of the enzyme for p‐nitrophenyl α‐l ‐rhamnopyranoside were 0.36 mm and 22.54 μmole min^?1 mg^?1, respectively, and k_cat value was 17.1 s^?1 giving k_cat/K_m value of 4.75 × 10⁴ m ^?1 s^?1. The pH and temperature optima of the enzyme were 7.0 and 60 °C, respectively. The purified enzyme liberated l ‐rhamnose from naringin, rutin, hesperidin and wine, indicating that it has biotechnological application potential for the preparation of l ‐rhamnose and other pharmaceutically important compounds from natural glycosides containing terminal α‐l ‐rhamnose and also in the enhancement of wine aroma.     

Influence of grape composition and winemaking on the anthocyanin composition of red wines of Tannat

The anthocyanin composition of Tannat red wines obtained with four winemaking techniques was evaluated in different years. The wines were elaborated with traditional maceration (TM), cold pre‐fermentative maceration, delayed extraction of anthocyanins and extended maceration. Two vinifications were carried out for each technique, employing 70 kg of grapes in each one. The anthocyanin composition of wines was analysed by high‐performance liquid chromatography–diode array detection. The results confirm the fundamental role of the grape composition on the anthocyanin composition of the wines. The winemaking had an important effect on the total concentration of anthocyanins and also may modify the anthocyanic profile of wines. The wines obtained with TM had higher or similar content of anthocyanins than those elaborated with the other techniques. Canonical discriminant analysis of data showed that vintage has a greater effect on anthocyanin concentration than winemaking techniques.