Self induced buoyant blow off in upward flame spread on thin solid fuels

Upward flame spread experiments were conducted on long thin composite fabric fuels made of 75% cotton and 25% fiberglass of various widths between 2 and 8.8 cm and lengths greater than 1.5 m. Symmetric ignition at the bottom edge of the fuel resulted in two sided upward flame growth initially. As flame grew to a critical length (15–30 cm depending on sample width) fluctuation or instability of the flame base was observed. For samples 5 cm or less in width, this instability lead to flame blow off on one side of the sample (can be either side in repeated tests). The remaining flame on the other side would quickly shrink in length and spread all the way to the end of the sample with a constant limiting length and steady spread rate. Flame blow off from the increased buoyancy induced air velocity (at the flame base) with increasing flame length is proposed as the mechanism for this interesting phenomenon. Experimental details and the proposed explanation, including sample width effect, are offered in the paper.     

Experimental study of the channel effect on the flame spread over thin solid fuels

We experimentally burn thin solid fuels and obtain the speed of the flame front when it propagates (1) within a narrow channel (closed cross section), (2) within a channel with lateral walls only and (3) through a free cross section (plain case). The latter configuration is the classical one and it has been extensively studied with analytical, numerical and experimental methods by other authors. Our experiments have been carried out at different geometrical configurations and angles of inclination of the sample and also at several values of oxygen molar fraction. All experiments are restricted to purely buoyant flow. Our main results are as follows: (1) sidewalls reduce the flame spread rate in a non-monotonous trend when varying its height; (2) in horizontal flame spread, two simultaneous flame fronts that propagate at different velocities may arise in the channel case at high oxygen levels. The fastest flame front speed may be higher than that obtained in the plain case; (3) in upward flame spread, the channel effect configuration produces the highest flame front speed. We finally analyze the correlation of the downward flame front speed data in terms of the Damkohler number.     

Effect of the initial dose of foot-and-mouth disease virus on the early viral dynamics within pigs

This paper investigates the early viral dynamics of foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) within infected pigs. Using an existing within-host model, we investigate whether individual variation can be explained by the effect of the initial dose of FMD virus. To do this, we consider the experimental data on the concentration of FMD virus genomes in the blood (viral load). In this experiment, 12 pigs were inoculated with one of three different doses of FMD virus: low; medium; or high. Measurements of the viral load were recorded over a time course of approximately 11 days for every 8 hours. The model is a set of deterministic differential equations with the following variables: viral load; virus in the interstitial space; and the proportion of epithelial cells available for infection, infected and uninfected. The model was fitted to the data for each animal individually and also simultaneously over all animals varying only the initial dose. We show that the general trend in the data can be explained by varying only the initial dose. The higher the initial dose the earlier the development of a detectable viral load.     

直接序列扩频信号的周期谱密度检测法

本文针对直接序列扩频(DS/SS)通信系统的可截获性问题,提出了一种新方法,即用周期谱密度检测法,来获取该系统的重要参数,如载波频率、扩频码速率以及信号的调制方式等,从而实现对 DS/SS 信号的识别.最后,对 BPSK 和 QPSK 两种信号的调制方式进行了分析.由于计算中采用了FFT 算法,因此,便于进行实时处理。计算机模拟结果表明,此法是切实可行的。     

直接系列扩频系统抗干扰性能分析

扩频通信具有抗干扰能力强、易于实现码分多址等优点 ,特别适合煤矿通信 ,因此引进扩频通信技术 ,能够推动煤矿通信的发展 ,达到现代化的要求。文章分析了扩频系统对各种干扰的抵抗能力 ,计算了系统对这些干扰的处理增益     

基于自适应滤波原理的扩频窄带干扰对消技术

本文在介绍了扩频通信的基本原理的基础上,重点研究了用自适应滤波原理对扩频信号中的窄带干扰进行消除的方法,并建立模型进行了仿真分析。结果表明,用两个自适应滤波器组成的双环噪声消除器对扩频信号中的窄带干扰可以起到非常理想的抑制作用。     

基于神经网络集成的数据分析

神经网络集成通过训练多个神经网络并将其结论进行适当的合成,可以显著地提高学习系统的泛化能力.然而,设计一个好的神经网络集成必须在个体准确性与彼此差异性之间取得一个平衡.本文提出了一种改进的神经网络集成构造方法--基于噪声传播的神经网络集成算法(NSENN).     

基于Logistic映射的DCSK混沌通信系统的仿真实现

扩频序列的选择涉及扩频通信的性能,对移动通信和个人便携通信的发展均将产生重要影响.文章利用Matlab对零均值L0gistic映射的混沌序列进行仿真,分析了该序列不同于其他扩频码的特点及优势,验证了将其作为扩频序列的可行性.在此基础上,对基于该序列的混沌通信系统--DCSK进行可视化仿真,讨论了其良好的扩频码特性和抗干扰特性,认为该系统为进一步研究混沌扩频通信搭建了一个良好的仿真平台.     

CDMA通信系统多址干扰的仿真研究

为了研究cDMA通信系统的多址干扰，本文利用Matlab提供的可视化仿真工具Sireunnk建立了CDMA通信系统仿真模型，详细讲述各模块的设计及参数设置，并对仿真结果进行分析。结果表明，多址干扰是CDMA系统的固有干扰，当同时通信的用户数增多时，多址干扰电平增大，导致系统的误码率也增大。因此，多址干扰是CDMA通信系统本身存在的自我干扰，它限制了蜂窝系统的通信容量。