生物检测机器人操作臂工作空间分析与尺度优化

研究一种具有正交关节轴的6R操作臂工作空间分析与尺度优化方法,用于指导危险环境下生物检测机器人上装机械臂的工作范围和结构尺度优化。分析6R操作臂拓扑结构并建立其位移逆解模型,通过考察各关节尺度参数与转角变化范围的组合,揭示出可达工作空间随操作臂主要构件尺度参数与关节转角范围的变化规律,从而得到一种最佳的关节转角范围组合,进而建立一种操作臂任务空间的快速计算方法。在此基础上,以特征长度法和计权Frobenius范数构造的归一化速度雅可比矩阵条件数的倒数为性能评价指标,综合出一组最优操作臂结构尺度参数,并得到该条件下操作臂末端的可达工作空间和任务空间。该方法具有工作空间分析直观,结构参数优化快速等优点,可使这类操作臂获得良好的运动学性能。     

煤矿智能巡检机器人稳定平台的工作空间分析及平滑轨迹规划研究

针对传统稳定平台难于实现煤矿智能巡检机器人承载巡检仪器受井下崎岖路面产生六自由度的复合干扰问题,设计了一种4-SPU并联机构作为稳定平台装置。采用矢量法构建运动学逆解模型,通过三维边界迭代搜索法求解可达工作空间,分析可得工作空间连续无空洞现象。采用7次B样条插值方法构造平滑轨迹,以稳定平台冲击度最优建立目标函数,通过序列二次规划方法进行优化。仿真结果表明,智能巡检机器人稳定平台跟踪轨迹的速度、加速度和加加速度平滑连续且满足运动约束条件。该研究为后续智能巡检机器人的动力学分析和控制研究提供了理论依据。     

A systematic optimization approach for the calibration of parallel kinematics machine tools by a laser tracker

Parallel kinematics machine has attracted attention as machine tools because of the outstanding features of high dynamics and high stiffness. Although various calibration methods for parallel kinematics machine have been studied, the influence of inaccurate motion of joints is rarely considered in these studies. This paper presents a high-accuracy and high-effective approach for calibration of parallel kinematics machine. In the approach, a differential error model, an optimized model and a statistical method are combined, and the errors of parallel kinematics machine due to inaccurate motion of joints can be reduced by this approach. Specifically, the workspace is symmetrically divided into four subspaces, and a measurement method is suggested by a laser tracker to require the actual pose of the platform in these subspaces. An optimized model is proposed to solve the kinematic parameters in symmetrical subspaces, and then arithmetical mean method is proposed to calculate the final kinematic parameter. In order to achieve the global optimum quickly and precisely, the initial value of the optimal parameter is directly solved based on the differential error model. The proposed approach has been realized on the developed 5-DOF hexapod machine tool, and the experiment result proves that the presented method is very effective and accurate for the calibration of the hexapod machine tool.     

Conventions and Commitments in Distributed CSCW Groups

Conventions are necessary to establish in any recurrentcooperative arrangement. In electronic work, they are importantso as to regulate the use of shared objects. Based on empiricalresults from a long-term study of a group cooperating inelectronic work, I present examples showing that the group failedto develop normative convention behavior. These difficulties informing conventions can be attributed to a long list of factors:the lack of clear precedents, different perspectives among groupmembers, a flexible cooperation media, limited communication, thedesign process, and discontinuous cooperation. Further, I arguethat commitments to the conventions were difficult, due to theconventions not reaching an acceptance threshold, uneven payoffs,and weak social influences. The empirical results call for aspecific set of awareness information requirements to promoteactive learning about the group activity in order to support thearticulation of conventions. The requirements focus on the roleof feedback as a powerful mechanism for shaping and learningabout group behavior.     

Revolute manipulator workspace optimization using a modified bacteria foraging algorithm: A comparative study

Robotic manipulators with three-revolute (3R) motions to attain desired positional configurations are very common in industrial robots. The capability of these robots depends largely on the workspace of the manipulator in addition to other parameters. In this study, an evolutionary optimization algorithm based on the foraging behaviour of the Escherichia coli bacteria present in the human intestine is utilized to optimize the workspace volume of a 3R manipulator. The new optimization method is modified from the original algorithm for faster convergence. This method is also useful for optimization problems in a highly constrained environment, such as robot workspace optimization. The new approach for workspace optimization of 3R manipulators is tested using three cases. The test results are compared with standard results available using other optimization algorithms, i.e. the differential evolution algorithm, the genetic algorithm and the particle swarm optimization algorithm. The present method is found to be superior to the other methods in terms of computational efficiency.     

PowerCube模块化机器人工作空间计算

以PowerCube模块化机器人为对象,采用D-H法建立机器人运动学数学模型.在比较现有的机器人工作空间求解方法的基础上,分别利用解析法和数值法绘制和计算出机器人的工作空间.将2个图形进行对比,结果表明2种方法所得的结果是一致的.     

大型龙门铺丝机综合误差建模及补偿

为了提高大型龙门自动铺丝(AFP)机的精度,提出重力变形与几何误差综合建模与补偿方法. 采用有限元法对龙门铺丝机进行静力学分析,通过工作空间网格化方法建立重力变形模型;基于齐次变换矩阵与切比雪夫多项式建立几何误差模型,结合剔除重力变形的测量数据与Powell算法实现对几何误差参数的辨识;综合重力变形模型和几何误差模型,提出基于综合误差补偿的G代码修正策略. 在龙门铺丝机上开展综合误差补偿对比实验,结果表明,补偿前龙门铺丝机误差较大,不能完全满足铺放精度需求,而经过补偿后位置误差和姿态误差均大幅度降低,其中姿态误差减小80%以上,而位置误差减小90%以上,满足铺放精度需求,证明了所提出的综合误差建模和补偿方法的有效性.     

显微外科手术机器人协同工作空间分析

介绍了自主研发的"妙手"主从遥操作显微外科手术机器人系统,该系统的主手为两个Phantom Desktop装置.确定合理的主手布局对于提高整个系统的易操作性有重要的作用.运用蒙特卡罗法对主手的单个和协同工作空间进行了分析.通过不同布局时主手协同工作空间的对比分析,得出如下结论:当两只主手相对布置、两主手中心点之间相距300mm时,可获得最大的形状规则的共同工作空间.研究结果不仅对改进"妙手"系统的性能有重要意义,而且对于研制开发双操作臂主手也有重要的参考价值.     

4-UPU并联机器人机构及其运动学

提出了一种能实现空间三维移动和绕Z轴转动的机构模型———空间4-UPU并联机器人机构模型。采用螺旋理论分析了4-UPU并联机器人机构实现空间三移一转运动的机构学原理,计算了其自由度,讨论了输入的合理性;给出了其位置反解的方法,导出了位置正解的封闭方程,进行了数值验证,并分析了该机构的工作空间和奇异位形。该机构是一种过约束机构,具有结构对称且相对简单、刚度大等优点,可用于开发新型工作台、并联机床、四维力传感器以及微操作机器人等。     

并联机器人工作空间的研究

本文对并联机器人的工作空间进行了研究.算法上采用输入转化的方法.使优化过程大为简化.在此基础上.对并联机器人工作空间的各截面进行了分析.并详细讨论了结构尺寸与工作空间的关系.得出扩大工作空间的几种途径.这对设计和应用并联机器人都有实际意义.