低温氮吸附法与煤中微孔隙特征的研究

对不同矿区24个煤样作了低温氮吸附试验,分析了吸附等温线及吸附回线的形态、类型,划分出L1,L2,L3型3种煤的低温氮吸附回线类型,讨论了共与煤中微孔隙发育特征的关系。试验结果表明,煤中孔隙是从小至分子级（孔径约0．86nm）大至无上限的较连续的孔系统,其中孔形结构可分为：开放型透气性Ⅰ类孔;一端封闭的不透气性Ⅱ类孔;细颈瓶形Ⅲ类孔,煤中孔径约小于3nm的孔大多为一端封闭的Ⅱ类孔;细颈瓶形孔的瓶劲直径也是3nm左右。     

环境矿物改性及对污水中氨氮的吸附试验研究

为了探索污水处理中氨氮的优良吸附剂,对环境矿物沸石、膨润土和粉煤灰分别进行了酸、碱、盐、热改性,并对氨氮的吸附效果进行了对比试验研究。结果表明:5%钠改性沸石对氨氮吸附效果最好;影响5%钠改性沸石吸附氨氮的主次顺序为:投加量吸附时间p H值转速;当氨氮含量为30 mg/L时,5%钠改性沸石在投加量为20 g/L、吸附时间120 min、p H值为8、转速150 r/min的条件下,对氨氮去除效果最好可达88.34%;钠改性沸石对氨氮的吸附机理为:Na+置换了沸石中半径较大的阳离子,使沸石孔道的有效空间变大,空间位阻变小,内扩散速度加快,比表面积加大,吸附能力增强。离子交换后的钠改性沸石电负性增强,且Na+易被NH4+交换,因而NH4+可被钠改性沸石有效去除;5%钠改性沸石对氨氮的吸附符合Freundlich模型,是吸附氨氮的优良吸附剂。     

页岩含气量的影响因素分析及含气量测试方法

北美页岩气的商业开发,掀起了全球勘探页岩气的热情,我国页岩广泛分布,资源潜力巨大。页岩气主要以游离态和吸附态存在于富有机质页岩中,含气量研究是页岩气资源评价的重要参数。总结国内外页岩气勘探开发研究成果,认为页岩气含气量的影响因素主要有有机质丰度和成熟度、孔隙结构和孔隙体积、矿物含量、裂缝发育程度、地层温度和压力,它们对含气量的影响主要体现在,有机质丰度和含气量正相关,成熟度越高,含气性越好;微孔比例越大,吸附性能越好;黏土矿物控制吸附气含量;微裂缝发育有助于吸附气的解吸,裂缝规模发育过大将破坏泥页岩的封闭性,不利于气体的储存;吸附气随压力的增加而加大,温度升高,吸附气量将成倍下降。并分析了目前页岩气含气量的测试方法,对比总结了各种测试方法的利弊。     

赤泥复合颗粒对Fe2+和Mn2+的吸附-聚沉性能

针对煤矿酸性废水中存在大量Fe2+、Mn2+和H+的污染问题,采用赤泥复合颗粒、脱碱复合颗粒及单独加碱对含Fe2+和Mn2+的煤矿酸性废水进行对比处理试验研究,并探讨了复合颗粒对Fe2+和Mn2+的去除机理。结果表明,赤泥复合颗粒释放总碱度为186.68 mg/g（以CaCO3计）,具有较强的pH值提升能力;复合颗粒通过吸附、沉淀、聚沉协同作用去除Fe2+和Mn2+,且以沉淀作用为主,投加量为2 g/L时的去除率分别为83.26%和67.27%;复合颗粒对Fe2+和Mn2+的吸附均符合Freundlich吸附等温方程,倾向于多分子层吸附;赤泥复合颗粒既能降低酸度,又能吸附重金属离子,可作为处理含Fe2+、Mn2+煤矿酸性废水的优良吸附材料。     

Metal cation removal by P(VC-r-AA) copolymer ultrafiltration membranes

A series of amphiphilic copolymers containing poly(vinyl chloride-r-acrylic acid) (P(VC-r-AA) ) was synthesized and used to prepare membranes via a nonsolvent induced phase separation method. The prepared membranes were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and water contact angle and zeta potential measurements. The copolymer P(VC-r-AA) chains did not dissolved in a coagulation bath, indicating that the AA segments were completely retained within the membrane. Enriching degree of AA segments in surface layer was 2 for copolymer membrane. In addition, the introduction of AA segments made the membrane electronegative and hydrophilic so that the membrane was sensitive to the solution pH. The fouling resistance, adsorption of Cu(II), Cr(III) and Ce(IV) ions and the desorption properties of the membranes were also determined. The copolymer membranes exhibited good antifouling performance with a fouling reversibility of 92%. The membranes also had good adsorption capacities for Cu(II), Cr(III) and Ce(IV) ions. The optimal pH for Cu(II) adsorption was 6 and the copolymer membrane has potential applications for low concentration Cu(II) removal.

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粉煤灰为原料水热合成ZSM-5沸石的工艺条件

以工业废弃物粉煤灰为初始原料,经酸处理除杂、碱处理活化后,采用常规水热法合成高纯ZSM-5沸石。考察酸处理过程的温度、时间和酸浓度等对酸浸取效果的影响,以及碱处理过程的焙烧温度和碱灰质量比等对碱熔活化的影响,采用XRF、XRD、SEM以及N2吸附-脱附等手段对各阶段样品进行表征。结果表明,盐酸处理可以除去粉煤灰中氧化钙、氧化铁等绝大部分碱性氧化物杂质,最适宜酸处理条件下所得粉煤灰中氧化硅和氧化铝质量分数之和由51.51%上升到处理后的85.37%;以最适宜高温氢氧化钠碱熔活化条件下所得活性硅铝溶液为原料,水热合成类似球状结构并具有较高比表面积和相对结晶度的高纯ZSM-5沸石,进而获得粉煤灰水热合成ZSM-5沸石的最佳工艺条件。     

从落叶松中提取黄酮素的吸附过程研究

黄酮素是一种广泛存在于自然界植物中的天然类胡萝卜素,又称为维生素P化合物.黄酮素在医学上具有对抗肌体老化,治疗心血管疾病的保健作用,因此近年来备受关注.从试验研究的角度,对从废弃的落叶松木质纤维中提取其中的水溶性黄酮素及副产物阿拉伯半乳糖的方法进行了详细阐述,通过水解、吸附、解吸、精制等工艺步骤得到精制的黄酮素产品.主要探讨了提取工艺中吸附过程的优化研究,得到了最佳的吸附工艺方法与条件,为开发此项目奠定了良好的研究基础.此项技术的实施将会给黑龙江森林资源的利用带来更好的前景.     

氮原子在钨低指数表面上的吸附和振动

应用原子和表面簇合物相互作用的5参数Morse势法(5-MP)对N-W低指数表面体系进行了研究,并获得了全部临界点特性以及3个面的势能面.计算结果表明:在低覆盖度下,N原子优先吸附在W(100)面的四重洞位H,获得62 meV的垂直振动频率;在W(110)面上只存在三重洞位H3的稳定吸附态,垂直振动频率为43 meV;在W(111)面上最稳定的吸附位为赝式三重位H3,垂直振动频率为79 meV.     

A thermodynamic investigation of adsorbate‐adsorbate interactions of carbon dioxide on nanostructured carbons

A thermodynamic study of carbon dioxide adsorption on a zeolite‐templated carbon (ZTC), a superactivated carbon (MSC‐30), and an activated carbon (CNS‐201) was carried out at temperatures from 241 to 478 K and pressures up to 5.5?10⁶ Pa. Excess adsorption isotherms were fitted with generalized Langmuir‐type equations, allowing the isosteric heats of adsorption and adsorbed‐phase heat capacities to be obtained as a function of absolute adsorption. On MSC‐30, a superactivated carbon, the isosteric heat of carbon dioxide adsorption increases with occupancy from 19 to 21 kJ?mol^?1, before decreasing at high loading. This increase is attributed to attractive adsorbate–adsorbate intermolecular interactions as evidenced by the slope and magnitude of the increase in isosteric heat and the adsorbed‐phase heat capacities. An analysis of carbon dioxide adsorption on ZTC indicates a high degree of binding‐site homogeneity. A generalized Law of Corresponding States analysis indicates lower carbon dioxide adsorption than expected. © 2017 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 64: 1026–1033, 2018     

One‐pot synthesis of binderless zeolite A spheres via in situ hydrothermal conversion of silica gel precursors

One‐pot synthesis route was explored for preparing binderless zeolite A via an in situ hydrothermal transformation process involving the preformation of silica gel precursors. Synthesis process was optimized and resulting samples were characterized using XRD, Raman spectroscopy, EDS, ²⁹Si and ²⁷Al NMR spectroscopy, SEM, HRTEM, and pore structure analyses. Furthermore, the kinetics for the in situ synthesis was investigated and the underlying crystallization mechanism was interpreted. The transformation of silica precursors was accomplished via controlling the synthesis parameters which govern the crystallization through determining the dissolution rate of silica nanoparticles, diffusion of Al species into silica precursors and crystal nuclei growth. Subsequently, Al species could contact and react with released Si species from silica nanoparticles to build the structural units that finally construct the LTA framework through self‐organized arrangement. On pure zeolite A phase basis, the synthesized binderless sample exhibits higher specific surface area and n‐paraffins adsorption capacity than binder‐containing zeolite. © 2018 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 64: 4027–4038, 2018