我国竹工机械区域布局及未来走势分析

介绍了我国竹工机械的内涵及分类方法,回顾了我国竹工机械的发展历史,从产业规模、产业布局方面阐述了我国竹工机械的现状;从国内需求、产品结构和技术发展方向三方面对我国竹工机械的发展趋势进行了预测,同时还指出了我国竹工机械存在的问题,并提出政策建议。     

Improving thermo‐oxidative degradation resistance of bamboo fiber reinforced polymer composites with antioxidants. Part II: Effect on other select properties

The first of this two‐article study showed that the addition of antioxidants can significantly improve the thermo‐oxidative resistance of bamboo fiber reinforced polypropylene composites (BFPCs). In this article, the effect of antioxidants on water absorption, thermal stability, crystallinity, and the dynamic mechanical properties of the composites were investigated. The results showed that the addition of antioxidants resulted in a slight increase in water absorption, but this increase can be reduced by controlling the ratio of the primary and secondary antioxidants. The glass transition temperature (T_g) of composites also slightly increased. However, the effects of antioxidants on the crystallinity as well as other thermal properties of BFPCs were small or even insignificant. The different combinations, ratios, and the adding amounts of antioxidants show tiny differences for all these properties. As a whole, the addition of minor antioxidants in the bamboo fiber (BF) polymer composites will not produce obvious negative effects on their overall performances. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016 , 133, 44199.     

Improving thermo‐oxidative degradation resistance of bamboo fiber reinforced polypropylene composite with antioxidants. Part I: Screening of antioxidants

In this study, the effect of antioxidant application (applied in different combinations, ratios and contents) on the thermo‐oxidative degradation resistance of bamboo fiber polypropylene composites (BFPCs) were investigated, with oxidative induction time (OIT), weight loss, surface color, and flexural mechanical properties as the main indicators for evaluation. The results showed the addition of antioxidants could greatly increase the OIT and reduce the weight loss and color change of the composites after 900 h of thermal weathering. Meanwhile, the flexural mechanical properties were little affected or even slightly improved. The combination of 1076 and DLTP antioxidants at a ratio of 2:1 and 0.2 wt % content was found to exhibit the best thermal oxidation resistance with respect to the OIT, mechanical properties and cost. Our study indicate that the OIT can serve as a simple and quick indicator for the evaluation of thermo‐oxidative resistance of BFPC. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016 , 133, 44198.     

重组竹在长期荷载作用下的蠕变行为

通过长期荷载作用下的拉伸与压缩蠕变试验,研究了重组竹在不同应力水平下的蠕变行为特点及变化规律.分别釆用Burgers模型和Findley幂律模型对重组竹在长期荷载作用下的蠕变曲线进行拟合,确定了重组竹蠕变模型,分析了Burgers模型和Findley幂律模型的相关系数及变化规律.结果表明:在不同应力水平下,重组竹蠕变应变-时间曲线均呈现出相似的变化趋势,均包含瞬态蠕变和稳态蠕变阶段;采用Burgers模型和Findley幂律模型都能很好地模拟重组竹的蠕变性能;瞬间弹性形变、延迟弹性形变和黏性流动形变均随应力水平的增加而增大.高应力水平下的蠕变可导致重组竹构件破坏,在设计时应合理地控制应力水平.     

改性玄武岩岩棉去除富营养化水体中磷的研究

对废弃玄武岩岩棉通过改性去除富营养化水中的磷,进行了试验研究.结果表明,采用超声波加热、浓度为1%的NaOH改性的岩棉对磷的去除效果最佳,当水体中总磷的浓度为0.58～0.85mg/L时,在改性岩棉用量为每7g/100mL、吸附时间为90min、pH为7.2的试验条件下,总磷的去除率为50%以上,使用后的岩棉经再生可重复使用.     

碱联合超高压预处理对笋壳酶解效率的影响

以竹笋壳（BS）为原料,采用单独超高压（UHP）、单独碱加热（AH）、超高压后碱加热（UHP+AT）和碱加热后超高压（AT+UHP）4种方法进行预处理,并对比分析了样品预处理前后的化学组成、扫描电镜（SEM）、晶体结构（XRD）、红外光谱（FTIR）、比表面积和孔结构及酶水解效率的变化规律。结果表明：与其他处理方法相比,AT+UHP在450MPa压强下处理效果最好。预处理后样品中木质素的脱除率为86.87%,微观表面结构松散和粗糙,结晶指数有所上升,比表面积和孔体积分别为2.590m²/g、0.010cm³/g,酶水解效率高达97.89%。UHP+AT与AT+UHP预处理效果差异不明显,其酶解效率达到96.94%。因此,碱联合超高压处理是生物燃料生产中生物质预处理的一种潜在选择。     

竹粉增强木质素-环氧树脂复合材料的力学性能

采用热压成型工艺制备了竹粉增强的木质素-环氧树脂复合材料,探讨了竹粉的添加量及其粒径对复合材料力学性能及热机械性能(DMA)的影响。研究结果表明,随着竹粉含量的增加,复合材料的弯曲强度与冲击强度均增大;粒径适中(40~80目)的竹粉增强的木质素-环氧树脂复合材料的弯曲强度和冲击强度最佳。随着竹粉含量的增加,复合材料的初始储能模量逐渐增大,玻璃化转变温度先升高而后降低;粒径适中(40~80目)的竹粉的添加对材料初始储能模量的提升有利。适当提高木质素-环氧树脂复合材料的交联密度,可以得到更好的力学性能。     

粉单竹木素-碳水化合物复合体在APMP制浆过程中的变化规律

本课题主要研究了粉单竹木素-碳水化合物复合体（LCC）在碱性过氧化氢机械法制浆（APMP）（包括制浆和漂白）过程中的结构变化规律。结果表明,未漂白APMP浆LCC提取率增加,绝对质量增加约2.6倍,LCC中木素与半纤维素的连接增加,木素的质量比从竹片7.29%增加为9.04%,葡萄糖质量比大幅下降。漂白后受木素和半纤维素溶出的影响,LCC提取率下降,绝对质量减少,LCC中的木素质量比提高至25.07%;漂白后的LCC分子发生部分的碎解和重组,分子质量分布出现明显的“分峰”,多分散性增加1倍,分子质量减少。在粉单竹APMP制浆过程中,LCC对木素的保留作用会阻碍浆料白度的提高并加速返黄。     

竹材在造纸行业的高效利用

在对我国造纸纤维原料结构及纤维原料供应短缺的现状分析的基础上,提出了纤维原料缺口的弥补途径,重点介绍了我国竹材的资源情况及纤维原料特征,主要对中国造纸院在竹材利用方面的研究进行了简单的梳理,并总结了竹材在造纸行业的高效利用研究方向。