Inferential structure of the NEO Five-Factor Inventory: Construct validity of the Big Four personality clusters.

Four studies investigated the dimensionality of the NEO Five-Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI; P. T. Costa & R. R. McCrae, 1992). In Study 1, four inferential dimensions and four clusters represented the NEO-FFI when 114 undergraduates freely sorted items into categories. Construct validity for four item-clusters derived from the inferential space was obtained in Study 2 based on self-report with 304 undergraduates. Study 3 validated these inferential clusters using self and peer reports for 420 undergraduates. Study 4 validated the cluster scales for predicting quality of life and significant social and cultural behaviours for 110 undergraduates. Implications for implicit personality theory, the number of dimensions issue in personality, and test construction are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Occurrence and levels of mycotoxins and their metabolites in human breast milk associated to dietary habits and other factors: A systematic literature review, 1984–2015

BackgroundMany studies around the world reported the occurrence of many mycotoxins and their metabolites in human breast milk. However the contamination by aflatoxin M1 and ochratoxin A were the most investigated by several countries.Scope and approachTo scrutinize all papers reporting quantitative data on the prevalence and the levels of mycotoxins and their metabolites in breast milk, also the circumstances of exposure.A systematic literature search in Pubmed, Science direct and Google scholar databases were performed to identify relevant studies, published in English from 1984 through May 2015.Key findings and conclusion63 studies met the inclusion criteria and assessed the occurrence of 29 mycotoxins & their metabolites in breast milk, regarding 7194 subjects of 31 countries. The maternal dietary habits, the socio demographic status of the mother, the seasonal variations and the sensitivity of the analytical method were the factors related to the high concentrations of AFM1 and OTA in breast milk.Studies where contamination exceeds maximum limits and exhibit real risk of public health were highlighted.     

双馈异步风力发电机并网运行中的几个热点问题

目前我国风电装机容量已跃居世界首位,但因缺乏长期运行经验,在追赶和跳跃式发展中未能预见并网运行中的诸多问题,已成为其发展瓶颈。为满足电网规范要求的电网故障下不脱网运行,必须深入研讨所需控制策略和保护方案。该文以双馈异步风力发电机为对象,综述、分析、讨论其并网运行中,特别是电网故障条件下有效控制中的一些热点问题,如低电压穿越、Crowbar技术、电网故障特别是不对称故障下的不脱网运行控制及与之相关的新型控制器设计等,以期增强弱电网条件下风电机组的并网运行能力。     

Short-term stability of NEO–PI–R personality trait scores in opioid-dependent outpatients.

The present study examined the short-term stability of personality trait scores from the Revised NEO Personality Inventory (NEO–PI-R) among 230 opioid-dependent outpatients. The NEO–PI-R is a 240-item empirically developed measure of the five-factor model of personality (Neuroticism, Extraversion, Openness, Agreeableness, and Conscientiousness). Participants completed the NEO–Pl-R at admission and again approximately 19 weeks later. Results indicated fair to good stability for all NEO–PI-R factor domain scores, with coefficients ranging from .68 to .74. Stability of NEO–PI-R scores was decreased among potentially invalid response patterns but was not significantly affected by drug-positive versus drug-negative status at follow-up. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Do response time limitations counteract the effect of faking on personality inventory validity?

Different models of lying on personality scales make discrepant predictions on the association between faking and item response time. The current research investigated response time restriction as a method for reducing the influence of faking on personality scale validity. In 3 assessment simulations involving 540 university undergraduates responding to 2 common, psychometrically strong personality inventories, no evidence emerged to indicate that limiting respondents' answering time can attenuate the effects of faking on validity. Results were interpreted as failing to support a simple model of personality test item response dissimulation that predicts that lying takes time. Findings were consistent with models implying that lying involves primitive cognitive processing or that lying may be associated with complex processing that includes both primitive responding and cognitive overrides. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Cross-cultural replication of the five-factor model and comparison of the NEO-PI-R and MMPI-2 PSY-5 scales in a Dutch psychiatric sample.

The authors investigated cross-cultural replicability of the five-factor model (FFM) of personality as represented by the revised NEO Personality Inventory (NEO-PI-R; P. T. Costa & R. R. McCrae, 1992) in a sample of 423 Dutch psychiatric patients. Also, NEO-PI-R domain scales were compared with the Personality Psychopathology Five (PSY-5; A. R. Harkness & J. L. McNulty, 1994) scales of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory--2 (J. N. Butcher, W. G. Dahlstrom, J. R. Graham, A. Tellegen, & B. Kaemmer, 2002). Principal-components analysis with procrustean rotation confirmed the hypothesized structural similarity of the present sample with the U.S. normative factor scores. All of the hypothesized relations between NEO-PI-R and PSY-5 scales were confirmed. The results provide evidence for cross-cultural replicability of the FFM and for validity of the NEO-PI-R and PSY-5 constructs in the psychological assessment of psychiatric patients. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

A field study of frame-of-reference effects on personality test validity.

As part of a test validation study at a major U.S.-based airline, the authors tested the effects of providing an "at work" frame-of-reference on the validity of the NEO Five-Factor Inventory among a sample of customer service supervisors (N = 206). Frame-of-reference moderated the validity of the Extraversion and Openness to Experience subscales after controlling for cognitive ability. In addition, the frame-of-reference personality test showed incremental validity over cognitive ability (ΔR2 = .16), but the standard personality test did not (ΔR2 = .05). The authors' discussion focuses on implications for personality theory and research and on implications for increasing the validity of personality tests in organizational settings. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Are indigenous personality dimensions culture specific? Philippine inventories and the five-factor model.

The authors addressed the culture specificity of indigenous personality constructs, the generalizability of the 5-factor model (FFM), and the incremental validity of indigenous measures in a collectivistic culture. Filipino college students (N=508) completed 3 indigenous inventories and the Filipino version of the Revised NEO Personality Inventory (NEO-PI-R). On the basis of the factor and regression analyses, they concluded that (a) most Philippine dimensions are well encompassed by the FFM and thus may not be very culture specific; (b) a few indigenous constructs are less well accounted for by the FFM; these constructs are not unknown in Western cultures, but they may be particularly salient or composed somewhat differently in the Philippines; (c) the structure of the NEO-PI-R FFM replicates well in the Philippines; and (d) Philippine inventories add modest incremental validity beyond the FFM in predicting selected culture-relevant criteria. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

图形数据库NEO4J与关系据库的比较研究

为了更为全面地揭示图形数据库与关系数据库在内部机理与应用场景方面的不同,采用理论分析与实例验证相结合的方法,从模型成熟度、安全性、可扩展性3个方面进行分析对比,结果显示图形数据库更新非常方便,更新复杂度仅为关系数据库的1/4。由此可知,图形数据库在成熟度、安全性等方面劣于关系数据库,但在处理复杂数据关联方面远优于关系数据库,适合存储关联关系复杂、关系动态变化等社交性数据。     

结合拆分注意力机制和下一次预期观察的视觉导航

针对深度强化学习视觉导航算法因导航场景变化而导致导航精度下降,影像匹配的实时性和可靠性降低的问题,提出一种融合拆分注意力机制和下一次预期观测(NEO)的视觉导航模型。首先使用ResNest50骨干网络提取当前状态和目标状态的特征以降低网络冗余,利用跨阶段部分连接CSP强化捕获浅层目标特征信息以增强模型的学习能力。然后提出改进的损失函数,使得推理网络更加接近于真实后验,从而智能体能在当前环境下做出最佳决策,进一步提升不同场景下模型的导航精度。在AVD数据集和AI2-THOR场景进行训练及测试,实验结果表明,本文算法导航精度高达96.8%,平均SR提升约3%,平均SPL提升约6%,可以满足导航精度和实时匹配的要求。