Profiling drunk driving recidivists in Denmark

Drunk drivers are a menace to themselves and to other road users, as drunk driving significantly increases the risk of involvement in road accidents and the probability of severe or fatal injuries. Although injuries and fatalities related to road accidents have decreased in recent decades, the prevalence of drunk driving among drivers killed in road accidents has remained stable, at around 25% or more during the past 10 years. Understanding drunk driving, and in particular, recidivism, is essential for designing effective countermeasures, and accordingly, the present study aims at identifying the differences between non-drunk drivers, drunk driving non-recidivists and drunk driving recidivists with respect to their demographic and socio-economic characteristics, road accident involvement and other traffic and non-traffic-related law violations. This study is based on register-data from Statistics Denmark and includes information from 2008 to 2012 for the entire population, aged 18 or older, of Denmark. The results from univariate and multivariate statistical analyses reveal a five year prevalence of 17% for drunk driving recidivism, and a significant relation between recidivism and the drunk drivers’ gender, age, income, education, receipt of an early retirement pension, household type, and residential area. Moreover, recidivists are found to have a higher involvement in alcohol-related road accidents, as well as other traffic and, in particular, non-traffic-related offences. These findings indicate that drunk driving recidivism is more likely to occur among persons who are in situations of socio-economic disadvantage and marginalisation. Thus, to increase their effectiveness, preventive measures aiming to reduce drunk driving should also address issues related to the general life situations of the drunk driving recidivists that contribute to an increased risk of drunk driving recidivism.     

埋地管道泄漏内封堵装置设计与研究

针对流体输送埋地管道泄漏问题,设计了一种利用管道机器人携带封堵气囊进行快速应急封堵修复的埋地管道泄漏内封堵装置。采用矩阵变换方法建立了牵引系统驱动轮过弯方程,利用MATLAB软件对过弯方程进行了验证,同时利用ADAMS软件仿真分析过弯路径与驱动轮转角对牵引系统行走速度的影响。研究结果表明:由两个串联封堵器组成的应急封堵系统可满足复杂工况下的管道泄漏封堵要求;牵引系统驱动轮在弯管内部行走时,单轮速度呈周期性变化,但三个驱动轮整体周期运动特性一致;驱动轮转角在25°~40°时,牵引系统行走速度与驱动轮转角成正比,且转角为30°时驱动效果最好。该内封堵装置的结构设计可为管道泄漏应急封堵领域装备的研发提供重要参考。     

钢缆带式输送机驱动轮的更换方法

钢缆带式输送机在长期使用过程中 ,它的驱动轮轴承以及齿轮联轴器都要磨损 ,最终导致磨损超标。为了保证设备运行安全 ,必须解决它的更换问题。针对这一问题 ,介绍了运用松驰牵引钢丝绳的方法 ,实现了不截断牵引钢丝绳进行驱动轮的整体更换 ,通过对平煤集团一矿 4个驱动轮的更换 ,证明这种方法简便易行 ,安全可靠。     

Comparison between photocatalytic ozonation and other oxidation processes for the removal of phenols from water

Photocatalytic ozonation (1O₃ + VUV + TiO₂), ozonation (O₃), catalytic ozonation (O₃ + TiO₂), ozone photolysis (O₃ + VUV), photocatalysis (TiO₂ + VUV) and photolysis (VUV) have been compared in terms of formation of intermediates, extent of, mineralization (TOC, COD, chloride, nitrate) and kinetics in the aqueous treatment of three phenols (phenol, p‐chlorophenol and p‐nitrophenol). In all cases, photocatalytic ozonation led to lower degradation times for chemical oxygen demand and total organic carbon removal. Intermediates formed were similar in the different oxidation systems with some exceptions. They can be classified into three different types: polyphenols (resorcinol, catechol, hydroquinone), unsaturated carboxylic acids (maleic and fumaric acids) and saturated carboxylic acids (glyoxylic, formic and oxalic acids). First order kinetic equations have been checked for the oxidation processes studied in the case of the parent compound. Rate constants of these systems have also been calculated. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry     

起重机吊钩拖动绕线电动机他励双高调速系统

本文提出励磁电流可自动控制的他励式双高调速系统设计方案。系统在提升特别是在下放重物时，具有较硬的机械性；在负载１０－１００％的变化范围内，可实现最大偏差Δｎｍａｘ／ｎｍｉｎ１００％≤１０％，调速范围Ｄ≥１０；在满载运行条件下，可节约电能８０％以上。     

防汛应用系统整合与完善的探讨

随着黄委“数字黄河”工程建设的开展以及计算机广域网络的扩大、开发技术运行方式的变化和用户的迅速增长，需要将防汛系统资源进行综合利用，满足业务生产需求。“数字黄河”工程规划完成后．我们根据规划首先选择防汛应用系统为突破口，以防汛会商综合信息支持为目标，将单个的防汛应用系统进行规范、完善，最终建成防汛信息综合平台．在平台的基础上实现现有应用系统和新开发系统的集成。     

应用在地下工程施工中的新技术（Ⅱ）

为有效保护地面上的生态环境，开发利用地下空间资源并营建新世纪的地下水城，在新的21世纪里将会建造更多的地下工程以满足人们生产生活的各种需要。文中介绍了地下工程施工中采用的逆作法、盾构法、新奥法、沉管隧道、顶管工程和大型沉井施工新技术，供同行们参考应用。     

涂层材料的断裂分析(英文)

和基体厚度相比,涂层很薄,因此细观力学模型可把基体作为半无限弹性体。由于涂层和基体材料的膨胀系数及弹性系数不匹配,涂层材料中残余热应力的解析解为 E_c/(1-γ_c)·(α_s-α_c)△T。用有限元法校核,该应力和解析解吻合得好。通过对涂层产生裂纹驱动力和断裂韧性的讨论,提出了抗裂涂层厚度公式。     

弱凝胶调驱降维数值模拟方法研究

目前用于弱凝胶调驱的化学驱软件大多存在计算速度慢、数值弥散现象严重的问题,为了提高弱凝胶调驱数值模拟的速度和精度,提出了降低维数的模拟方法。利用追踪流线的方法,将弱凝胶调驱的三维渗流问题,转化为沿流线计算饱和度的一维问题,大大降低了求解饱和度方程组中方程的数目,从而提高了计算速度。利用该方法,模拟了玉门老君庙油田一个试验井区的水驱开发历史,优化了弱凝胶调驱的注入浓度、注入速度及注入体积等参数,并预测了弱凝胶调驱的动态,预测该方案可提高采收率7.6%。     

Studies on Catalytic Side-Chain Oxidation of Nitroaromatics to Aldehydes with Oxygen

The side-chain oxidation of 2-nitrotoluene in liquid phase in the presence of catalytic amount of manganese sulfate and stoichiometric amount of potassium hydroxide with oxygen was studied. In the most favorable conditions, over 80% of conversion of 2-nitrotoluene and 50% of selectivity to 2-nitrobenzaldehyde was achieved. Effects of the reaction parameters on the conversion of the reactant and the selectivity of the product were examined. These results, together with EPR spectroscopic study, show that a benzyl anion was formed in the early stage of the reaction, which was then converted to the final product via a free radical mechanism.