Study on the Components and Performance of GCrlS Bearing Steel Surface by Gas Multi-elements Penetrating

GAS multi-elements penetrating technology is a newsurface hardening technology developed on the basisof carbonitriding technology.It can not only shortenthe production period,but also improve the mechanicalperformances of the parts,such as torsional strength,flexural strength,wear resistance,and fatigue resistance"'.It features low-temperature multi-elementspenetration that the physical chemistry process ofoxidation-reduction generates the active atoms in thepart surface.In the beginning,the …     

Polymorphism of tricalcium silicate, the major compound of Portland cement clinker: 2. Modelling alite for Rietveld analysis, an industrial challenge

A comprehensive quantification of the various phases of clinkers by X-ray diffraction with a Rietveld-like analysis is an important industrial challenge. Various available structural models are used for the most frequent M1 and M3 polymorphs of alite usually found in industrial clinkers, referred to as M1- or M3-based clinkers. In this paper, the effect of C₃S structural model is investigated. Four models are tested and compared using either synthetic M1 and M3 alites or M1- and M3-based clinkers. The comparison validates the available models for M1 and M3 alites and an average model, given here, derived from our recently proposed M1 structure as a catch-all model when the nature of the clinker is unknown. The latter model is meant to be used for industrial on-line quantification.     

异丁醛合成2,4,6-三异丙基-1,3,5-三噁烷的研究

本文以异丁醛为原料在杂多酸催化剂的作用下，环化合成了无毒升华剂2，4，6－三异丙基－1，3，5－三恶烷，考查了各种反应条件的影响，确定以磷钨酸为催化剂时的最佳反应条件：反应温度25℃，催化剂用量1．5％，反应时间2．5h，产物的收率达84％以上。     

2-氨基-4-溴-5-氯苯甲酸的合成

以硝基苯为原料，经溴化、还原、缩合、环合、氯化和氧化等６步反应合成了２－氨基－４－溴－５－氯苯甲酸，总收率为１１．７％。     

7-氨基-6-氰基-5-(3-硝基苯基)吡喃并嘧啶-2,4-二酮的合成

报道了常温、超声辐射、水中、无催化剂条件下，以3-硝基苯甲醛、丙二腈和巴比妥酸为原料合成标题化合物的方法。考察了超声技术、反应时间及反应温度对反应的影响。最佳反应条件为：室温、超声辐射2h，收率为86．2％。     

Intraspecific variation and interspecific differences in sex pheromones of sibling species inCtenopseustis obliquana complex

The specific status ofCtenopseustis obliquana pheromone-types I, II, and III has been more fully examined. Females of types I and III produce a mixture of (Z)-8- and (Z)-5-tetradecenyl acetates (Z8-14:Ac, Z5-14: Ac). The previously reported different ratios of these two components in females of the two types (type I=80587080mr/xxlarge8758.gif" alt="ratio" align="BASELINE" BORDER="0">20, III=90587080mr/xxlarge8758.gif" alt="ratio" align="BASELINE" BORDER="0">10) have been reinvestigated. The median ratios of each type differed significantly, although there was some overlap in the ranges of these ratios. A field cage trial showed that males of type III are attracted to females of type I, so the observed differences may be ascribed to intraspecific variation. In contrast to females of types I or III, females of type II produce Z5-14587080mr/xxlarge8758.gif" alt="ratio" align="BASELINE" BORDER="0">Ac but no Z8-14587080mr/xxlarge8758.gif" alt="ratio" align="BASELINE" BORDER="0">Ac. The electroantennogram (EAG) profile of antennae of type II males shows a maximum response to Z5-14587080mr/xxlarge8758.gif" alt="ratio" align="BASELINE" BORDER="0">Ac, while the EAG profiles of types I and III show a strong response to Z8-14587080mr/xxlarge8758.gif" alt="ratio" align="BASELINE" BORDER="0">Ac. In wind tunnel tests using mixtures of these two compounds, type II males prefer blends consisting of all or mostly Z5-14: Ac, while type I males showed a preference to a mix of 70% Z8-14587080mr/xxlarge8758.gif" alt="ratio" align="BASELINE" BORDER="0">Ac plus 30% Z5-14587080mr/xxlarge8758.gif" alt="ratio" align="BASELINE" BORDER="0">Ac. We found that type I males are attracted to type I females when offered a choice between type I and type II females in a field cage test and that type II males similarly prefer type II females. Males of types I and II have specialist cells for Z8-14587080mr/xxlarge8758.gif" alt="ratio" align="BASELINE" BORDER="0">Ac and Z5-14587080mr/xxlarge8758.gif" alt="ratio" align="BASELINE" BORDER="0">Ac but differ with respect to relative densities of these cells and to further cell types responsive to other alkenyl acetates. Type IIC. obliquana is considered therefore a sibling species of types I and III. In addition, the amount of Z5-14587080mr/xxlarge8758.gif" alt="ratio" align="BASELINE" BORDER="0">Ac produced by type II females varied geographically. Females from the North Island produced significantly less (median=1.2 ng) Z5-14587080mr/xxlarge8758.gif" alt="ratio" align="BASELINE" BORDER="0">Ac than females from the South Island (median=2.2 ng). Type II populations in the North Island morphologically resembled sympatric type I, rather than type II from the South Island and are designated as type II (North Island). Type II (North Island) populations have so far been found only at Rukuhia (near Hamilton) and from Kerikeri. In contrast, type II populations are sympatric with type III populations over much of the South Island. In a field cage trial, males of types II and II (North Island) were attracted to females of both II and II (North Island). We tentatively ascribe the differences between type II and type II (North Island) to intraspecific variation.     

Conversion of used vegetable oils to liquid fuels and chemicals over HZSM-5, sulfated zirconia and hybrid catalysts

Thailand’s food manufacturing uses about 47 Million liters per year of vegetable oil. Used vegetable oil is classified as waste, but has potential for conversion into liquid fuel. This research studied the catalytic conversion of used vegetable oil to liquid fuel, where investigation was performed in a batch microreactor over a temperature range of 380–430 °C, initial pressure of hydrogen gas over 10–20 bars, and reaction time of 45–90 minutes. Catalysts such as HZSM-5, Sulfated Zirconia and hybrid of HZSM-5 with Sulfated Zirconia were used to determine the conversion and yield of gasoline fraction. The major products obtained were liquid products, hydrocarbon gases and small amounts of solids. Liquid products were analyzed by simulated distillation gas chromatograph and the product distribution was obtained. Hybrid catalyst HZSM-5 with Sulfated Zirconia showed the highest yield of gasoline with a 26.57 wt% at a temperature of 430 °C, initial hydrogen pressure at 10 bars, and reaction time of 90 minutes in the ratio of hybrid HZSM-5 with Sulfated Zirconia at 0.3: 0.7.     

单参数Wilson方程预测C_9-DMP体系汽液平衡

根据实测γ~∞_1用单参数Wilson方程预测均三甲苯-DMP和偏三甲苯-DMP二元体系汽液平衡,并推算均三甲苯-偏三甲苯-DMP三元体系的汽液平衡,与实测数据比较,均获得良好结果。     

百菌清及其三氟衍生物对番茄早疫病菌的室内抑菌活性比较

采用生长速率法测定了不同浓度的百菌清及其三氟衍生物对番茄早疫病菌Alternaria solani(Ell,et Mart.)Jones es Gmut的室内杀菌毒力。试验结果表明，百菌清及其三氟衍生物的ED50值分别为6089．89mg／L和156．43mg/L。，前者是后者的38．93倍。百菌清三氟衍生物的毒力明显高于百菌清。     

The influence of Glu44 and Glu56 of cytochrome b5 on the protein structure and interaction with cytochrome c

The gene encoding trypsin-solubilized bovine liver microsomalcytochrome b₅ (82 residues in length) has been mutated, in whichthe codons of Glu44 and Glu56 were changed to those of Ala.The mutated genes were expressed in Escherichia coli successfullyand three mutant proteins (E44A, E56A and E44/56A) were obtained.The UV-visible, CD and ¹H NMR spectra of proteins have beenstudied. The results show that the mutagenesis at surface residuesdoes not alter the secondary and tertiary structures of cytochromeb₅ significantly. The interactions between recombinant cytochromeb₅ and its mutants with cytochrome c were studied by using opticaldifference spectra. The results demonstrated that both Glu44and Glu56 of cytochrome b₅ participate in the formation of acomplex between cytochrome b₅ and cytochrome c.