热处理对离子束溅射Ta_2O_5薄膜特性的影响

利用离子束溅射沉积技术制备了Ta2O5薄膜,在100~600℃的大气氛围中对其进行热处理(步进温度为100℃),并对热处理后样品的光学常数(折射率、折射率非均匀性、消光系数和物理厚度)、应力、晶向和表面形貌进行了研究。研究显示,随着热处理温度增加,薄膜折射率整体呈下降趋势,折射率非均匀性和物理厚度呈增加趋势,结果有效地改善了薄膜的消光系数和应力,但薄膜的晶向和表面形貌均未出现明显的变化。结果表明:热处理可以有效改变薄膜特性,但需要根据Ta2O5薄膜具体应用综合选择最优的热处理温度。本文对离子束溅射Ta2O5薄膜的热处理参数选择具有指导意义。     

GH4720Li合金的枝晶间相与均匀化工艺

GH4720Li合金中Ti、Al含量较高,同时加入了Zr元素。铸态合金在枝晶间存在γ+γ′相共晶、MC型碳化物相、一次η相和Ni5Zr相。合金的凝固顺序为:L→γ;L→MC;L→γ+γ′;L→η;L→Ni5Zr。将铸态合金进行1130℃/20h+1180℃/10h两阶段均匀化处理可以消除枝晶间γ+γ′相共晶、一次η相和Ni5Zr相。     

爆破动荷载作用下围岩累积损伤效应声波测试研究

基于声波测试原理,利用RSM-SY5智能型声波仪,对厂坝铅锌矿某巷道围岩在爆破动荷载作用下产生的累积损伤效应进行了现场试验研究。研究表明:既有开挖爆破对巷道围岩的影响深度为0.8～1.2 m,根据钻孔的深度,在3.5～4.8 m深度的岩体内进行爆破累积损伤效应研究是可行的;随着爆破次数的不断增加,岩体声波速度逐渐降低,损伤度D呈现出非线性累积规律;随着与爆源距离的增大,岩体爆破损伤程度减小,累积损伤效应逐渐变得不明显;水平和垂直方向测试结果存在较大差异,说明爆破作用下岩体损伤具有各向异性的特征。爆破装药位置和药量对岩体损伤累积规律有一定的影响。装药区段范围内的岩体损伤程度最严重,装药量越大,岩体损伤程度也越大。测试成果为进一步的岩体力学参数研究和地下洞室稳定性分析提供了参考依据。     

Particle loss: An initial investigation into size effects and stress-dilatancy

Drained triaxial tests have been performed to explore the effect of particle loss on shearing behaviour and critical states in granular mixtures. The mixtures comprise Leighton Buzzard sand (d₅₀ = 0.8 mm), to which was added 15% by mass of salt particles of different nominal sizes: 0.063 mm, 0.25 mm and 0.5 mm. Shearing behaviours before and after particle loss (by dissolution) were compared. A good fit is observed between the test data and a stress-dilatancy relationship for the post-dissolution tests, highlighting the ability of the stress-dilatancy analysis as a means to interpret the effects of particle loss on shearing. It was noted that critical state strength parameter M is determined by the post-dissolution grading regardless of size of removed particle. However, the duration of contractant volumetric strain increased with the larger removed particles (0.25 mm & 0.5 mm) even when initial specific volumes were virtually identical. It is suggested that a loose volumetric state is reached if the sand particle network is initially disrupted by the amount and/or size of salt particles, which following dissolution results in structural or fabric phenomena that are not reflected in scalar volumetric measures such as specific volume.     

Effect of silica fume on cement hydration and temperature rise of concrete in tropical environment

Investigated herein is the effect of temperature on heat development in cement pastes and concretes with and without silica fume cured at relatively high temperatures often encountered in tropical environment. With an initial temperature of 30°C, adiabatic temperature rise of the concrete with 8% silica fume as cement replacement was similar to that of the control Portland cement concrete up to about 18 h. After 24 h, however, the temperature of the silica fume concrete was lower than that of the control concrete. Since the concrete with 8% silica fume had a higher 28-day compressive strength (72.5 MPa) than the control concrete without silica fume (59.2 MPa), the concrete with silica fume is likely to have a lower temperature rise as compared with the control concrete of equivalent 28-day strength by reducing cementitious materials content with the same water content. The extent of heat evolution in the silica fume pastes was generally greater at lower temperatures of 20–50°C, but less at 65°C than in the control paste. At the relatively high curing temperatures, the degree of cement hydration in the paste with silica fume was lower than that in the control cement paste at early ages. However, the pozzolanic reaction started even before 24 h after water was added.     

基于正态反高斯模型的自适应小波消噪方法

提出一种基于正态反高斯分布模型局部逼近小波系数的降噪算法。该算法以db5小波作为振动信号的分解小波,对噪声信号进行分解。对于分解过程中包含大量噪声的小波系数,利用具有良好细节逼近性能的正态反高斯分布构造先验模型,在先验模型的基础上,运用贝叶斯最大后验概率估计从含噪的小波系数中估计出真实的小波系数。在后验估计的过程中,对于估计模型中的关键系数采用粒子群算法进行优化选取。利用估计的小波系数来重构信号,得到降噪后的信号。通过仿真实验和实际轴承的故障信号对该方法进行了验证,结果表明,该方法具有较好的降噪效果,可以有效的消除信号的噪声。     

Interferometer-based structured-illumination microscopy utilizing complementary phase relationship through constructive and destructive image detection by two cameras

In an interferometer-based fluorescence microscope, a beam splitter is often used to combine two emission wavefronts interferometrically. There are two perpendicular paths along which the interference fringes can propagate and normally only one is used for imaging. However, the other path also contains useful information. Here we introduced a second camera to our interferometer-based three-dimensional structured-illumination microscope (I(5)S) to capture the fringes along the normally unused path, which are out of phase by π relative to the fringes along the other path. Based on this complementary phase relationship and the well-defined phase interrelationships among the I(5)S data components, we can deduce and then computationally eliminate the path length errors within the interferometer loop using the simultaneously recorded fringes along the two imaging paths. This self-correction capability can greatly relax the requirement for eliminating the path length differences before and maintaining that status during each imaging session, which are practically challenging tasks. Experimental data is shown to support the theory.     

五轴数控空间刀具半径补偿的实现

深入分析了空间刀具半径补偿矢量的计算方法,对实现该空间刀补矢量到五轴联动数控系统中做了算法的准备和验证,并以UG NX6.0生成的刀位文件(CLSF)为坐标数据来源和五轴联动A/C双转台机床为例,开发了一个专用后置处理软件,并通过在Vericut7.0上模拟和五轴联动机床上实际加工叶片,加工结果说明了该算法的正确性和软件的实用性。     

纺织品中抗菌剂和紫外线吸收剂的同时测定

为监控纺织品中紫外线吸收剂和抗菌剂的含量,建立了同时测定纺织品中7种苯并三唑类紫外线吸收剂和7种抗菌剂含量的超高效液相色谱/静电场轨道阱高分辨质谱(UPLC/Orbitrap HRMS)方法。以甲醇为萃取溶剂,超声萃取纺织品中的苯并三唑类紫外线吸收剂和抗菌剂,萃取液经浓缩定容后进行UPLC/Orbitrap HRMS分析,外标法定量。14种目标分析物的色谱分离在Hypersil GOLD色谱柱(100mm×2.1mm×1.9μm)上进行,流动相为0.1%甲酸水溶液(含5mmol/L乙酸铵)/甲醇,三氯生和对氯间二甲酚(PCMX)采用电喷雾负离子模式,其余12种目标分析物采用电喷雾正离子模式,在m/z100~m/z500范围内进行一级质谱扫描。14种目标分析物的质量准确度误差均小于2×10-6,根据保留时间和准分子离子峰的精确质量数进行定性,根据提取离子色谱图的峰面积进行定量。对于每种目标分析物,在一定质量浓度范围内,提取离子色谱图峰面积均与其质量浓度线性相关,线性相关系数均大于0.998,检出限为0.1~0.3μg/kg。3个添加水平的平均回收率为80.9%~94.1%,相对标准偏差为3.6%~9.8%。采用该方法监测市售纺织品中紫外线吸收剂和抗菌剂的含量,结果在部分样品中检出不同含量水平的UV-327、三氯生、PCMX和2-正辛基-4-异噻唑啉-3-酮(OI)。     

民用大飞机15-5PH不锈钢内侧圆角铣削试验研究

针对15-5PH不锈钢内侧圆角加工切削力超值突变严重、加工困难等问题,通过正交试验设计方法,开展了内侧圆角铣削试验研究,对各种工况下加工时横向切削力Fy和表面粗糙度进行了测量。运用极差分析方法,确定了各切削参数对横向切削力和表面粗糙度的影响程度,得出每齿进给量和径向切深分别是影响横向切削力和表面粗糙度的主要因素。同时,采用偏最小二乘分析,建立了横向切削力和表面粗糙度预测模型。通过对比预测值和试验值,得到该模型的相对误差较小,验证了其构建的合理性和有效性。