铸膜液结构对PVC/PMMA合金微滤膜性能的影响

通过高分子合金化,以L-S相转化法制备了PVC/PMMA非对称型合金微滤膜,考察了铸膜液结构对微滤膜结构与性能的影响.结果表明:随聚合物浓度、铸膜液温度升高合金膜水通量降低,平均孔径减小;增大PMMA含量,水通量上升,平均孔径增大;随添加剂量的增加,合金膜水通量上升,平均孔径减小.     

飞机蒙皮局部腐蚀的原位快速修复工艺

采用电刷镀设备对飞机硬铝合金蒙皮表面局部的腐蚀进行阳极化，然后实施喷漆，从而达到了原位快速修复的目的。介绍了快速修复的原理及工艺过程、采用间隙盐雾试验考察了修复层的耐蚀性能结果表明，飞机铝舍金蒙皮修复后耐蚀性能为处理前的4倍，使用寿命得以延长：     

高稳定性化学镀镍磷合金工艺

采用正交试验法筛选络合剂，确定了以柠檬酸，琥珀酸和苹果酸复配作为络合剂的化学镀镍磷工艺，该工艺具有高稳定性，高装载量等优点，易在工业生产中应用。     

Relations between damage symptoms and nutritional status of Norway spruce stands (Picea abies Karst.) in southwestern Germany

Since the mid-1970s new types of forest damage are observed in the Federal Republic of Germany. Typical damage symptoms in coniferous tree species are needle yellowing, reddening and premature loss of older foliage. Needle analysis carried out in damaged Norway spruce stands indicated that these phenomena, most of all needle yellowing, are influenced by the nutritional status of the trees. For the investigated sites Mg but also other elements, particularly P, S, K, Ca and Zn may play a causal role. As N is the most abundant element in the plant its form of uptake is important for a balanced nutrition. On the contrary to NO₃-N high NH₄-N uptake reduces the uptake of cations, particularly Mg and Ca, eventually inducing foliar discoloration symptoms on specific sites. Fertilizer experiments indicated that Mg fertilization is an appropriate tool to mitigate forest damages associated with Mg deficiency for a sustained time period. The application of N in the form of NH₄-N may impede Mg uptake. This mechanism may cause severe damage in forest areas receiving continuously high NH₄-N deposition.     

电子陶瓷材料在多芯片组件(MCM)中的应用

论述了电子陶瓷在多芯片组件（MCM）中的应用、性能要求及优点。重，最叙述低温共烧陶瓷基板技术以及A1N陶瓷基板材料的合成与优异性能。     

Preparation and characterization of electroplated amorphous gold-nickel alloy film for electrical contact applications

A process for electroplating amorphous gold-nickel alloy with the atomic ratio of unity was developed. The plating bath was prepared by adding potassium cyanoaurate(I) into a known plating bath which produces amorphous nickel-tungsten alloy. At a sufficiently high gold concentration, the alloy deposit did not contain any tungsten. The amorphous nature of the Au-Ni alloy produced in the new bath was confirmed by using TEM and THEED. Hardness, resistivity, and contact resistance of this new alloy were determined, and the results are discussed for applications as an electrical contact material.     

The comparative effect of a mixed urea,ammonium nitrate,ammonium sulphate granular formulation on the efficiency of N recovery by perennial ryegrass

The¹⁵N isotope was used to study the mode of action of individual nitrogen sources in a 30% urea:30% ammonium nitrate: 10% ammonium sulphate:30% filler (w/w) granular fertilizer for perennial ryegrass in a greenhouse pot experiment. The fertilizer consisted of two types of granules, one containing 80% urea and 20% filler and the second containing 48% ammonium nitrate (AN), 16% ammonium sulphate (AS) and 36% filler. In addition the effect of dolomite compared with silica as the filler was investigated on nitrogen recovery from the 30:30:10:30 formulation.Dolomite adversely affected the recovery of nitrate N from the system and evidence suggested that MgCO₃ was the active component. Granules containing dolomite resulted in a lower dry-matter yield than those containing silica, however the difference was not significant as nitrate contributed only 20% of the N in the formulation. AN gave the greatest DM yield and urea the lowest with AS being intermediate. The¹⁵N budget in shoots, roots and soil indicated that only 65% of the N from urea was recovered at the end of the experiment compared with 86% for AN and 91% for AS. The dry-matter yield of the 30:30:10:30 formulation using silica as the filler was intermediate between urea and AN; however, the apparent N recovery was significantly higher than expected from the sum of the individual components. The use of¹⁵N labelling indicated that using separate granules for ammonium N and urea the recovery of urea was improved by 11% in the triple N mixture when both AN and AS were present in the second granule compared to the recovery on its own. The enhanced recovery of urea appeared to be a function of AN and AS acting together as neither source in double combination with urea had any effect on urea N recovery.Urea enhanced the recovery of nitrate N by 10% but decreased the recovery of AS by 6% (in the 30:30:10:30 formulation) in comparison with the single sources on their own. The results indicate that interactions can occur between N sources even when they are physically separated by being in different granules.     

固相反应法制备YAG透明陶瓷

研究了固相反应法制备钇铝石榴石(yttrium aluminum garnet，YAG)透明陶瓷的工艺。采用高纯Y2O3和Al2O3超徽粉为原料，在1300℃煅烧2h，制备出YAG粉末。YAG相生成温度比常规温度大约低200℃。加入0．5％(质量分数)正硅酸乙醑烧结助剂后，YAG坯体在1700℃真空烧结5h，得到了高透光的YAG陶瓷，其在可见光区最大透光率为63％，在红外光区的透光率接近70％。YAG陶瓷具有均匀的微观结构，晶粒尺寸大约为10～30μm。     

胺烷基化聚羟基酸酰胺类超分散剂的研制及应用

对胺烷基化聚羟基酸酰胺的合成方法进行研究，确立了反应条件与制得的聚羟基酸酯特征之间的一些相互关系。并为获得适当长度的聚酯链选择了最佳合成条件。同时扼要论述了这类超分散剂的结构特性，以及对于颜料粒子表面吸附作用、分散体系的稳定作用以及对涂料、油墨生产的重要意义。     

Allelopathic Effects of Volatile Monoterpenoids Produced by <Emphasis Type="Italic">Salvia leucophylla</Emphasis>: Inhibition of Cell Proliferation and DNA Synthesis in the Root Apical Meristem of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Brassica campestris</Emphasis> Seedlings

Salvia leucophylla, a shrub observed in coastal south California, produces several volatile monoterpenoids (camphor, 1,8-cineole, -pinene, -pinene, and camphene) that potentially act as allelochemicals. The effects of these were examined using Brassica campestris as the test plant. Camphor, 1,8-cineole, and -pinene inhibited germination of B. campestris seeds at high concentrations, whereas -pinene and camphene did not. Root growth was inhibited by all five monoterpenoids in a dose-dependent manner, but hypocotyl growth was largely unaffected. The monoterpenoids did not alter the sizes of matured cells in either hypocotyls or roots, indicating that cell expansion is relatively insensitive to these compounds. They did not decrease the mitotic index in the shoot apical region, but specifically lowered mitotic index in the root apical meristem. Moreover, morphological and biochemical analyses on the incorporation of 5-bromo-2-deoxyuridine into DNA demonstrated that the monoterpenoids inhibit both cell-nuclear and organelle DNA synthesis in the root apical meristem. These results suggest that the monoterpenoids produced by S. leucophylla could interfere with the growth of other plants in its vicinity through inhibition of cell proliferation in the root apical meristem.