大气等离子喷涂制备Al_2O_3阻氚渗透涂层研究

在金属结构件上制备陶瓷阻氚渗透涂层是先进核反应堆的关键技术之一。本文采用大气等离子喷涂的方法在316L不锈钢上制备了Al2O3/NiCrAlY涂层,通过XRD、FESEM研究了Al2O3喷涂粉末和涂层特性,并对涂层的结合强度、阻氢渗透性能进行研究。实验结果表明:以α-Al2O3为主相的造粒粉末喷涂后,涂层沉积过程中产生部分γ-Al2O3;涂层体系各层界面结合良好,Al2O3层和NiCrAlY层之间的平均结合强度达到34.7MPa;600℃时Al2O3涂层的阻氢渗透因子为5065,氢渗透率降低3个数量级,Al2O3涂层具有良好的阻氢氚渗透效果。     

Optimizing the structure and properties of Y2O3 stabilized zirconia: An atmospheric plasma spray (APS) and solution precursor plasma spray (SPPS) based comparative study

The yttria stabilized zirconia (8%YSZ) is widely used to insulate the metallic components of the engine from high temperature and improve the operating temperature of gas turbine engines. With different processing parameters, 8YSZ coatings are prepared by atmospheric plasma spray (APS) and solution precursor plasma spray (SPPS) techniques and the microstructural features and thermodynamics properties are compared. The electron back scattered diffraction (EBSD) analysis indicate that the substitutional point defects (Zr_0.86Y_0.14O_1.93) in the 8YSZ APS coatings are considerably higher than the corresponding SPPS coatings. The replacement of Zr⁴⁺ by Y³⁺ disturbs the charge neutrality of the system which might be compensated by the creation of oxygen vacancy. Both the substitutional point defects and the oxygen vacancies are the sources of phonon scattering, modifying the thermal conductivity of the coating. Pores and cracks are qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed in the microstructure of 8YSZ coatings. Strain tolerant and high thermal cycling life coatings are prepared by SPPS due to the existence of vertical cracks in the microstructure. Comparing the thermal insulation properties of the coatings, the APS coating provided lower thermal conductivities relative to the SPPS coatings which might be due to the high concentration of point defects and low concentration of the mixed oxide phase.     

8YSZ热障涂层结构设计及其结合强度变化规律

目的 探究不同厚度的黏结层和陶瓷层对8YSZ热障涂层结合强度的变化规律。方法 采用大气等离子喷涂技术(APS)在Ti-6Al-4V合金基体表面分别制备了不同厚度的黏结层和陶瓷层等6种双层结构涂层。利用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)和X射线荧光分析仪(XRF)等检测手段对喷涂粉末和涂层的相组成、微观结构及化学成分变化进行表征。借助万能材料试验机分别对6种不同厚度涂层的结合强度进行测量和评估。结果 不同厚度的8YSZ陶瓷粉末在喷涂过程中主要从单斜相(M)向四方相(T)转变。此外,不同厚度的热障涂层都呈现出典型的层状结构,涂层表面存在着完全熔融态、半熔融态和未熔态等3种复杂状态,且都存在不同程度的裂纹和孔隙。涂层结合强度随黏结层厚度的增加会有些许增大,而随陶瓷层厚度的增加逐渐下降,且陶瓷层厚度越大结合强度下降得越缓慢。在所有涂层试样中,当黏结层最厚且陶瓷层最薄时涂层结合强度最大,超过29.7 MPa;而当黏结层最薄陶瓷层最厚时涂层结合强度最低。 结论 8YSZ热障涂层的黏结层和陶瓷层厚度变化对涂层的物相组成以及化学成分无明显影响,而对涂层结合强度以及断裂方式产生显著影响。     

离散制造业APS生产数据结构的研究及应用

阐述了APS(advanced planning system)高级计划排程系统的概念、功能及其在离散制造业中的巨大潜力.提出了针对离散制造业的APS生产数据结构,它包括生产数据描述、生产数据模型和生产数据关联.这个结构可以有效地描述离散制造业中生产数据的逻辑关系,可为APS与ERP集成的实施奠定基础.最后用实例说明了它的可行性与实用性.     

The effects of heat treatment and gas atmosphere on the thermal conductivity of APS and EB-PVD PYSZ thermal barrier coatings

The effects of heat treatment and gas atmosphere on thermal conductivity of atmospheric plasma sprayed (APS) and electron beam physical vapor deposited (EB-PVD) partially Y₂O₃ stabilized ZrO₂ (PYSZ) thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) were investigated. Two-layer samples that had an EB-PVD coating deposited on bond coated nickel-base superalloy IN625 substrates, free-standing APS and EB-PVD coatings as well as a quasi-free-standing EB-PVD PYSZ coating (coating on semitransparent sapphire) were included in the study. Thermal diffusivity measurements for determining thermal conductivity were made from room temperature up to 1150 °C in vacuum and under argon gas using the laser flash technique. To investigate the effect of heat treatment on thermal conductivity, coatings were annealed at 1100 °C in air. For both the APS and EB-PVD PYSZ coatings the first 100 h heat treatment caused a significant increase in thermal conductivity that can be attributed to microstructural changes caused by sintering processes. Compared to the measurements in vacuum, the thermal conductivity of APS coatings increased by about 10% under argon gas at atmospheric pressure, whereas for the EB-PVD coatings, the influence of gas on thermal conductivity was relatively small. The effect of gas on the thermal conductivity of APS and EB-PVD PYSZ coatings can be attributed to amount, shape, and spatial arrangement of pores in the coating material.     

面向供应链的高级计划与排程的混合整数规划模型

针对面向供应链的高级计划与排程问题,提出了一种混合整数规划模型。该模型是在考虑供应链物理约束、机器能力约束、工件加工顺序约束、可选机器、订单交付期的基础上,以最小化提前/拖期惩罚为目标而构建起来的。算例分析表明,该模型能够得出最优生产排程。     

On the Role of Spraying Process on Microstructural, Mechanical, and Thermal Response of Alumina Coatings

Thermal spraying is a widely used technology for industrial applications to provide coatings that improve the surface characteristics. According to the specificities of processes (APS, VPS, flame, electric arc), any kind of material can be sprayed. Among materials, ceramic coatings present several interesting aspects such as wear resistance, corrosion protection as well as thermal or electrical insulation; particularly alumina coatings which appear as the most commonly used. From all spraying processes, atmospheric plasma spraying (APS) is a rather well-established process but some others can also be used with a lower economical impact such as the flame technology. The aim of this study was to analyze the alumina coating properties according to the technology employed such as APS or wire flame spraying using the Rokide™ and the Master Jet^? guns. After micrographic analyses by SEM, physical and mechanical properties were measured considering the thermal conductivity and the hardness. This article is an invited paper selected from presentations at the 2007 International Thermal Spray Conference and has been expanded from the original presentation. It is simultaneously published in Global Coating Solutions, Proceedings of the 2007 International Thermal Spray Conference, Beijing, China, May 14-16, 2007, Basil R. Marple, Margaret M. Hyland, Yuk-Chiu Lau, Chang-Jiu Li, Rogerio S. Lima, and Ghislain Montavon, Ed., ASM International, Materials Park, OH, 2007.     

大气等离子喷涂和超音速火焰喷涂制备的CoMoCrSi涂层组织结构和性能

本文采用大气等离子(APS)和超音速火焰(HVOF)两种喷涂工艺制备了高硬度、高结合强度CoMoCrSi耐磨涂层,并进行了性能和成本对比分析。结果表明,通过参数优化后,APS制备的CoMoCrSi涂层硬度86HR15N,464HV300gf,结合强度45MPa;HVOF制备的CoMoCrSi涂层硬度89HR15N,699HV300gf,结合强度69MPa。HVOF制备的CoMoCrSi涂层,组织和各项性能均优于APS。XRD检测显示HVOF涂层为非晶态,APS则为晶态和非晶态,这可能与两种喷涂方式不同冷速有关。非晶态组织的出现,也可印证涂层性能的优异。APS生产效率为HVOF的2倍,每小时喷涂成本为HVOF的80%。两种工艺各有优势,可针对不同应用环境和需求选择合适的工艺。     

APS系统在印刷ERP生产管理中的应用研究

高级计划排程系统（APS）是一种基于供应链管理和约束理论的先进计划与排产工具,可以解决瓶颈工序和交货不准时等问题.本研究在分析ERP生产管理理论、APS系统理论的基础上,以AD公司为例,阐述了ERP生产管理流程以及APS系统架构.并结合生产加工的实际,以现有ERP各模块数据为基础,采用APS高级排程系统使计划排产数据与ERP数据实行对接,实现了APS和ERP的集成,获得了有效的应用.研究表明,与单纯地利用ERP进行生产管理相比,APS系统的引入使排程计算更精准.将APS融入到ERP软件中进行全面有效的企业管理是未来发展的必然选择.     

DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF CMOS IMAGE SENSOR

I. Introduction Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor (CMOS) image sensor has been becoming in-creasingly significant in the field of solid image sensor. Compared with Charge-Coupled Device (CCD) image sensor, CMOS image sensor possesses many advantages, such as smaller size, more con-venient to be integrated with other devices, lower power consumption and cost, etc[1,2]. To date, CMOS image sensor is adopted in almost all mo-biles which can take pictures. In addition, CMOS image …