Progress of Air Pollution Control in China and Its Challenges and Opportunities in the Ecological Civilization Era

China’s past economic growth has substantially relied on fossil fuels, causing serious air pollution issues. Decoupling economic growth and pollution has become the focus in developing ecological civilization in China. We have analyzed the three-decade progress of air pollution controls in China, highlighting a strategic transformation from emission control toward air quality management. Emission control of sulfur dioxide (SO₂) resolved the deteriorating acid rain issue in China in 2007. Since 2013, control actions on multiple precursors and sectors have targeted the reduction of the concentration of fine particulate matter (PM_2.5), marking a transition to an air-quality-oriented strategy. Increasing ozone (O₃) pollution further requires O₃ and PM_2.5 integrated control strategies with an emphasis on their complex photochemical interactions. Fundamental improvement of air quality in China, as a key indicator for the success of ecological civilization construction, demands the deep de-carbonization of China’s energy system as well as more synergistic pathways to address air pollution and global climate change simultaneously.     

Gaussian Support Vector Machine Algorithm Based Air Pollution Prediction

Air pollution is one of the major concerns considering detriments to human health. This type of pollution leads to several health problems for humans, such as asthma, heart issues, skin diseases, bronchitis, lung cancer, and throat and eye infections. Air pollution also poses serious issues to the planet. Pollution from the vehicle industry is the cause of greenhouse effect and CO2 emissions. Thus, real-time monitoring of air pollution in these areas will help local authorities to analyze the current situation of the city and take necessary actions. The monitoring process has become efficient and dynamic with the advancement of the Internet of things and wireless sensor networks. Localization is the main issue in WSNs; if the sensor node location is unknown, then coverage and power and routing are not optimal. This study concentrates on localization-based air pollution prediction systems for real-time monitoring of smart cities. These systems comprise two phases considering the prediction as heavy or light traffic area using the Gaussian support vector machine algorithm based on the air pollutants, such as PM2.5 particulate matter, PM10, nitrogen dioxide (NO2), carbon monoxide (CO), ozone (O3), and sulfur dioxide (SO2). The sensor nodes are localized on the basis of the predicted area using the meta-heuristic algorithms called fast correlation-based elephant herding optimization. The dataset is divided into training and testing parts based on 10 cross-validations. The evaluation on predicting the air pollutant for localization is performed with the training dataset. Mean error prediction in localizing nodes is 9.83 which is lesser than existing solutions and accuracy is 95%.     

组合式中央空调机组无干扰切换

纺织厂用组合式中央空调机组,当工艺送风机出现故障时,用环境风机代替工艺风机的无干扰切换。结果表明:当工艺风机出现故障,人为手动无干扰切换,用环境风机代替工艺风机,环境风温与风压均能满足工艺送风要求,停下工艺风机进行故障维修处理,满足生产工艺要求。     

精制盐生产中卤水增浓盐量测算问题的探讨

文章通过对公司精制盐生产原料卤水浓度及含盐量有时不能满足实际生产需要的问题进行了分析,从而说明了原料卤水需要加盐以便提高卤水浓度的必要性。在此基础上,对实际生产中原料卤水加原盐增浓过程中存在的一些问题进行分析,并进一步说明了精制盐生产中原料卤水增浓加盐量测算的重要性。通过探讨测算依据,确定测算标准以及采用实际消耗量与测算标准进行对比等方法,力求达到测算的实用性,以实现生产的经济运行。     

分散固相萃取-气相色谱法同时测定水产品中六种丁香酚类麻醉剂的残留量

建立了同时检测水产品中六种丁香酚类麻醉剂残留量的分散固相萃取-气相色谱检测方法。样品经丙酮进行提取,旋转蒸发浓缩后定容,采用分散固相萃取（DSPE）净化,用气相色谱仪进行测定,外标法定量。六种丁香酚类化合物在0.05¹0.0μg/m L的浓度范围内线性关系良好,相关系数R2为0.9995⁰.9999。又分别在罗非鱼、南美白对虾、鳗鲡以及梭子蟹肌肉样品中添加0.1¹.0mg/kg的混合标准溶液,测定平均回收率在80.3%¹03.2%范围内,相对标准偏差在0.7%⁵.4%之间。方法的定量限（LOQ）,六种丁香酚类化合物（丁香酚、甲基丁香酚、异丁香酚、甲基异丁香酚、乙酸丁香酚酯、乙酰基异丁香酚）均为0.1mg/kg。      

Crosslinking of Sericin on air atmospheric plasma treated polyester fabric

Durable and highly hydrophilic polyester fabric was produced by cross-linking Sericin on air-atmospheric plasma treated polyester fabric. Surface change properties were characterized by wettability measurements (water contact angle-WCA and % capillarity), Atomic Force Microscopy and zeta potential measurements. Chemical analyses using TBO dye were carried out to estimate surface functional groups after plasma treatment and Sericin cross-linking. Positive zeta potential values at low pH values, as well as AFM images confirm grafting of Sericin. With Sericin cross-linked onto both cleaned PET and plasma-treated PET, WCA reached that of PET subjected to plasma treatment alone, that is WCA between 40° and 46° compared to 81° for the hydrophobic untreated polyester fabric. However, plasma-treated polyester is readily subjected to aging, while cross-linked Sericin on plasma-treated PET yields a more durable hydrophilic finish with a high capillarity, 85% compared to 39% for Sericin on the untreated PET, and 3% for the untreated PET fabric. Plasma treatment creates chain-scissions at the polymer surface leading to the appearance of polar groups which promote the cross-linking of greater amount of Sericin.     

发射机机房智能排风装置的设计与实现

为了提高发射机机房的排风冷却效果,采用ZigBee无线通信技术设计了发射机机房智能排风装置,系统由4个排风装置和1个监测主机组成.排风装置放在机房四面墙的顶部,通过传感器DS18B20探测窗外和窗内气体的温度,并用ZigBee模块CC2420发送至监测主机,监测主机对排风窗外的温度比较处理后,控制排风装置的风扇正反转,保证吸入冷气流,排出热气流.经实验表明,该智能排风装置能自动平衡机房内的气温,对于建立信息化和智能化的机房具有重要意义.     

浓香型酒制曲环境空气微生物分布探讨

曲药发酵环境微生物区系对曲药微生物起决定作用。以泸州老窖曲药生产车间为研究对象,分析了各个季节空气微生物的区系变化、形成原因及采取措施等。     

新型纺织空调喷淋室的设计与应用

探讨新型纺织空调喷淋室的设计及应用效果.通过分析目前常用喷淋室的结构及缺陷,设计了新型纺织空调喷淋室.新型纺织空调喷淋室由两排至五排喷淋排管构成,并按照一定方式组合使用.通过喷淋室高密度水雾横喷、逆喷等方法,可以提高空气与水热湿交换效率及空气质量.以五排喷淋排管喷淋室为例对比说明:五排喷淋排管喷淋室能够实现冷却、加湿等多种功能,同时高效环保,是一种理想的纺织空调喷淋室.     

Effects of sodium bicarbonate containing traces of citric acid in combination with sodium chloride on yield and some properties of white shrimp (Penaeus vannamei) frozen by shelf freezing, air-blast and cryogenic freezing

Effects of sodium bicarbonate with traces of citric acid in combination with sodium chloride on yield, freezing time, freezing rate, freezing loss and cutting force of white shrimp frozen by shelf, air-blast and cryogenic freezing with/without precooking were investigated. Shelf freezing was done at −40 °C ± 2 °C while air-blast freezing was carried out at −35 °C ± 2 °C, and cryogenic freezing was done at −35 °C, −40 °C and −60 °C. The freezing loss in the non-treated samples was 8.25, 4.6-5.84 and 1.92-3.48 g/100 g fresh shrimp for peeled samples frozen without precooking and increased to 21.85, 17.54-26.97, 17.92-20.31 g/100 g fresh shrimp in the precooked samples frozen by shelf, air-blast and cryogenic freezing, respectively. The treatment of sodium bicarbonate containing traces of citric acid at 4 g/100 ml with sodium chloride at 3 g/100 ml lead to the increase of yield thus reduced the freezing loss by about 6.83-10.28 and 6.41-12.4 g/100 g fresh shrimp for the frozen-thawed samples frozen as uncooked and cooked products, respectively. The toughening of shrimp was observed while sodium bicarbonate containing traces of citric acid treatment with sodium chloride could reduce the texture change occurred during the freezing.