Niehoff M5拉丝机国产化设计

针对NiehoffM5拉丝机结构特点及用户对铜丝产品质量的要求,对NiehoffM5拉丝机进行国产化设计,即加入退火装置。给出了退火装置的工作原理,设计要点和结构示意图。加入退火装置的NiehoffM5拉丝机生产出的产品的韧性、耐磨性等性能都得到了较大的提高。     

Orientation of graphitic planes during annealing of “dip deposited” amorphous carbon film: A carbon K-edge X-ray absorption near-edge study

Annealing effect of amorphous carbon thin films on Si(1 0 0) substrates is studied by normal incidence and angle dependent carbon K-edge X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy. The angle dependence of the XANES signal shows that the graphitic basal planes are oriented perpendicular to the surface when the film is annealed at 1000 °C. Micro-Raman spectroscopy reveals two well-separated bands the D band at 1355 cm⁻¹ and G band at ∼1600 cm⁻¹, and their I_D/I_G intensity ratio indicates the formation of more graphitic film at higher annealing temperatures. X-ray diffraction pattern of 1000 °C temperature annealed film confirms the formation of graphite structure.     

Scale-up in the 4th dimension in the field of granulation and drying or how to avoid classical scale-up

In the pharmaceutical industry, the production of granules is based on a batch concept. This concept offers many advantages, as a batch can be accepted or rejected. However, the scale-up of the batch size may lead to problems. The variety of the equipment involved does not facilitate the scale-up process and the capital invested in space and equipment is high. An alternative approach is the use of a continuous process. However, continuous processes have the disadvantage among others that the batch size is not well defined. Thus, a special quasi-continuous production concept was developed, taking into account the advantages of a batch type and a continuous process. This concept was developed in cooperation with the Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology of the University of Basel, Glatt CH-4133 Pratteln and F. Hoffmann-La Roche, CH-4070 Basel. The equipment allows to implement a “Just in Time Production Concept” as a large batch B consists of n subunit (SU) batches b, i.e. B=nb. The subunit batch b corresponds to, e.g. 7-kg material for the production of pharmaceutical granules for further processing such as tabletting. At the Roche production site, this novel process equipment was used to manufacture batch sizes B with n=10, n=100 and so far up to n=600 subunits. This leads to an optimal use of capital invested in GMP space and equipment. The difference to the classical scale-up is the following: with classical scale-up, the dimensions of the equipment x, y, z is enlarged and the process time is more or less kept constant. With this novel concept, the dimension x, y, z of the equipment is kept constant and the process is repeated in the 4th dimension “n times”. Thus, for the scale-up in the 4th dimension, i.e. in the time, the equipment needs to show a “self-cleaning” property and appropriate formulations. The novel concept is of special interest, as the quality of the product is not changed during scale-up.     

Spectroscopic characterization of contaminants and interaction with gases in single-walled carbon nanotubes

Several spectroscopic techniques have been used to investigate the presence of contaminants in a commercial purified single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) bucky paper, to determine their cleaning procedure in ultra-high-vacuum conditions and to study how impurities influence the interaction between SWCNTs and gas phase molecules. Nickel catalyst particles and sodium-containing species, likely a residual of the surfactant bath, were fully removed only after prolonged (>2 h) annealing at 1270 ± 30 K. Other impurity elements (S and Si) remain in the material as localised clusters that do not interact with the SWCNTs and do not interfere with their properties.A dramatic difference was observed when the Na-contaminated or the Na-free nanotubes interacted with molecular oxygen. O₂ adsorption was strongly altered by the Na traces, which simulated an intense sample oxidation causing a modification of the tube electronic properties. On the contrary, for the Na-free sample the lack of adsorbed oxygen and the stability of the C1s core level after large O₂ doses demonstrated the absence of any chemical bond between SWCNTs and O₂. Similarly, exposures to N₂, H₂O and CO do not have influence on the electronic properties of SWCNTs. Instead, a sizeable effect on the electronic spectra was observed for SO₂, NO and NO₂ adsorption. The sensitivity of the SWCNT electronic spectra to ppb quantities of nitrogen oxides and sulfur oxide undoubtedly foresees applications in the field of toxic gas sensing.     

IA’s DCS顺序控制系统在除盐水站装置的应用

通过使用IA’s DCS顺序控制模块编程,实现除盐水站装置的主要装置的顺序控制。顺序模块使用IND（独立块）、TIM（定时块）等,通过利用IND支持编程高级语言的#define、#include等命令,在实施过程中大大提高编程效率,在调试期间减少调试实践,提高工作效率。     

不同工况下顺序输送混油的CFD模拟

应用FLUENT流体计算软件,以质量输运方程为基础,采用k-ε紊流模型,使用壁面函数法处理固壁边界,对顺序输送混油问题进行了数值模拟,分析了盲支管、90°弯管以及变径管等工况对混油的影响,研究结果为进一步研究成品油的顺序输送工艺设计提供了理论依据和指导,并可促进FLU-ENT软件在顺序输送模拟中的开发及应用。     

A solution approach to the design of multi-period,multipurpose batch plants

A deterministic model for multipurpose, multiperiod batch plants was presented in a linearized form to predict the future design according to the change of demand by using a modified Benders’ Decomposition. The OSL code offered by the IBM corporation as optimizer was employed for solving several example problems. The decomposition method was successful, showing remarkable reduction in the computing times as compared with those of the direct solution method. Also the heuristic used as a solution approach for the multiperiod model provided an efficient methodology to the block-structured problem by dividing the large overall problem into the manageable single period blocks.     

Effects of annealing temperature on the phase formation,optical, photoluminescence and magnetic properties of sol-gel YFeO3 films

YFeO₃ (YFO) thin films were deposited onto quartz substrates via sol-gel spin-coating technique and annealed at different temperature ranged between 650 and 900 °C. The impact of annealing temperature on the phase formation, microstructural, optical, photoluminescence (PL) and magnetic properties of the films were systematically investigated. X-ray diffraction analysis revealed an amorphous structure in film annealed at 650 °C and formation of hexagonal-YFO (h-YFO) phase in films annealed at 750–800 °C. The films annealed at 850–900 °C exhibited an orthorhombic-YFO (o-YFO) structure. Atomic force microscopy images of h-YFO films showed homogeneous surface with uniform particles size and shape. The particle size increased and had irregular shape in o-YFO films. The average particle size was 44 and 117 nm, while the root square roughness was 1.38 and 2.55 nm for h- and o-YFO films annealed at 750 and 850 °C, respectively. The optical band gap (E_g) was 2.53 and 2.86 eV for h- and o-YFO films annealed at 750 and 850 °C, respectively. The PL spectra of h-YFO films were red-shifted compared with that of o-YFO films. The PL emission related to near band edge was observed at 459.0 and 441.9 nm for h- and o-YFO films annealed at 750 and 850 °C, respectively. The magnetization was enhanced with the increasing of annealing temperature and has the value of 4.8 and 12.5 emu/cm³ at 5000 Oe for h- and o-YFO films annealed at 750 and 850 °C, respectively.     

Fast binary reactions in a heterogeneous catalytic batch reactor

When heterogeneous chemical reaction is sufficiently fast, transport of reactants becomes limiting. In a well stirred, batch reactor, macroscopic concentration gradients can be eliminated as a factor limiting the rate of reaction, leaving only the mesoscopic mass transfer of reactants to the surface of the catalyst as limiting, if the reaction does not occur inside a porous support. Here, a transformation of the governing equations for the time-dependence of bulk and surface concentrations results in second order ODE in time and a single nonlinear constraint with boundary values at the initial and infinite times for two auxiliary variables termed modified Thiele moduli. This system of two equations—one differential, one algebraic—and two unknowns is an exact consequence of the governing equations (three ODEs and three algebraic constraints). The power of this formulation is demonstrated by analytic solutions for irreversible and nearly irreversible theories. These solutions are corroborated by full nonlinear numerical computations of the boundary value problem, for the case when asymmetric mass transfer coefficients admit the possibility that the mode of operation switches from relative surface depletion of one reactant to depletion of the other in a binary reaction. The modified Thiele modulus formulation reveals the time scale for the switch over, as well as giving a reliable prediction for the time scale for 99% conversion based on the switch time identified from the irreversible theory.