Isotopic Composition of Water Used in Triple-Point Cells

Isotopic analysis of the water used in KRISS triple point of water (TPW) cells was performed by three separate laboratories. The δD and δ ¹⁸O isotopic composition of six ampoules, made from two TPW cells, were analyzed by isotope ratio mass spectrometers. The analysis data showed that δD and δ ¹⁸O were − 62.17‰ and − 9.41‰ for the KRISS-2002-Jan cell, and − 36.42‰ and − 4.08‰ for the KRISS-2005-Jun cell. The temperature deviation of the triple point of water for these cells calculated from Kiyosawa’s data and the definition of the TPW were + 45.07μK for the KRISS-2002-Jan cell, and + 25.49μK for the KRISS-2005-Jun cell. The KRISS TPW temperature was + 92μK higher than the CCT-K7 KCRV after correcting for the deviation of the isotopic composition from Vienna Standard Mean Ocean Water.     

钢铁联合企业应用复合燃烧技术的探讨与实践

相对于常规燃烧以及蓄热式燃烧技术,复合燃烧是在同一热工设备上同时采用两种燃料或两种燃烧技术的燃烧方式。复合燃烧技术提倡钢企燃气不再混合,各种燃气独立走网,以实现燃气配置与最优的燃烧技术相匹配。燃气作为一种宝贵的资源,从发展的角度,以实现最优节能和最优市场效益的理念对大型钢铁联合企业的能源配置重新定义和整合。     

变形及冷却工艺对高强耐候钢组织与性能的影响

采用G1eeble1500热模拟试验机及DT-1000膨胀仪研究了450MPa和550MPa级高强耐候钢的连续冷却转变曲线,分析了不同变形及冷却工艺条件下高强度耐候钢的金相组织类型。结果表明：450MPa级耐候钢的金相组织以铁素体为主,550MPa级耐候钢的金相组织在一定的冷却速度下以粒状贝氏体为主,并且随着冷却速度的增加,晶粒细化,抗拉强度提高,其强化机制除了细晶强化、析出强化外,还包括相变强化。     

变形温度对贝氏体钢组织性能的影响

为合理制定Si-Mn-MO系无碳化物贝氏体钢的生产工艺,利用GLEEBLE-3800热模拟试验机,在真空条件下开展了变形温度对贝氏体钢组织性能影响的热模拟试验.利用光学显微镜、透射电镜等设备,采用力学性能测试、微观组织观察等技术分析手段,对热模拟试样进行了组织观察和硬度检测分析,绘制了Si-Mn-MO系无碳化物贝氏体钢不同变形温度的动态CCT曲线,得出了变形温度对其组织和硬度的影响规律.结果表明,变形温度越低,无碳化物贝氏体钢的相变温度越低,组织越细小,先析铁素体越易析出,越有利于提高贝氏体钢的强硬性和韧塑性.     

Real-time administration of tool sharing and best matching to enhance assembly lines balanceability and flexibility

Collaboration has been found in previous studies on the design of assembly lines to be a useful mechanism. In this study, the focus is on a collaborative assembly (CA) framework, inspired by the design principles of CCT, the Collaborative Control Theory, to improve balanceability and flexibility of assembly lines through tool sharing (TS) among idle and bottleneck workstations. TS is widely practiced in advanced assembly facilities to reduce cost and improve consistency and standardization in assembly and in assembly-and-test utilities, relying often on real time control. The framework developed here addresses the systems design aspect of Mechatronics, covering the planning, execution, and control mechanisms. Planning includes assembly line balancing (ALB) and initial TS decisions, made continually by solving a bi-objective mixed-integer program (BOMIP). A collaborative multi-agent system (CMAS) enhanced with a TS-best matching (BM) protocol is developed to execute the plan, control the process, and modify the TS decisions, considering dynamic changes in the system’s operations. Experiments show that the new CA framework significantly outperforms classic approaches (i.e., ALB without TS-BM) in terms of cycle time, utilization of tools, and balanceability. In addition, the control mechanism is proven to augment the line’s flexibility against the inherent uncertainties of assembly processes, compared to the previously developed static CA frameworks.     

船用热轧钢板焊接性能研究

建立了热轧钢板焊接热影响区（HAZ）的连续冷却转变曲线（焊接CCT曲线）,以研究船用热轧钢板的焊接性能。根据所建立的焊接CCT曲线,选择了合理的焊接工艺对10mm厚的船用热轧钢板进行了手工电弧焊,并对焊后的焊接接头进行了宏观检验和X射线探伤、力学性能试验及冲击试验。借助金相显微镜和扫描电镜分析了CCT图中不同冷速条件下的显微组织和焊接接头的显微组织以及冲击断口形貌。试验结果表明：根据建立的焊接CCT曲线,所选择的手工电弧焊的焊接工艺是合理的,焊缝质量良好,焊接接头具有良好的综合性能。     

Fast response fringe‐field switching mode liquid crystal development for shutter glass 3D

A type of fast response time (RT) liquid crystal (LC) was developed to adopt in fringe‐field switching (FFS) mode for shutter glass 3D display device, the average gray to gray level (GTG) RT can reduce from 7.43 ms to 4.48 ms at a refreshing rate of 60 Hz, and the transmittance can increase by 15.4% compared with conventional LC based on the same cell gap. Meanwhile, the correlation among optical efficiency, correlative color temperature (CCT) of module and retardation of LC for FFS mode was studied. Transmittance is proportional to the retardation of LC; however, the CCT is inversely proportional to the retardation. The fast response LC can keep almost the original optical efficiency and CCT.     

高Cr铁素体耐热钢连续冷却相变行为

基于传统高Cr铁素体耐热钢系的合金成分,对合金元素进行了一定范围内的调整,设计出一种新型高Cr铁素体系耐热钢。该钢的回火组织主要为大量板条马氏体＋少量铁素体组成。在差分膨胀仪上测定了不同冷却速度新钢的热膨胀曲线,进而制定该钢种的连续冷却转变（CCT）曲线。结果表明,随着冷却速度升高,相变点降低,马氏体板条宽度变小,铁素体由连续长条状向多边形结构和短条状转变,硬度值升高。