Students' Perceptions of E‐Mail Interaction During Student‐Professor Advising Sessions: The Pursuit of Interpersonal Goals

This study investigated students' preference for e‐mail over face‐to‐face (FtF) communication for interpersonal goal achievement (i.e., instrumental, relational, self‐presentational) with faculty advisors. An exploratory analysis of undergraduate students revealed that they did not prefer computer‐mediated communication (i.e., e‐mail) over FtF communication with advisors when addressing all 3 interpersonal goal types. Significant gender differences were also found, with women reporting more use of e‐mail, and men preferring to address self‐presentational goals in FtF settings. It also was found that compared to Caucasians, African Americans did not prefer CMC to FtF interaction in achieving instrumental and self‐presentational goals. Results of this study suggest that despite the ubiquity of e‐mail communication, undergraduates did not prefer e‐mail over FtF contact with faculty advisors.     

Creating names for retrieval by self and others

Two experiments aimed to explore the general usability of filenames that were either chosen for personal use or designed for another user, within a document-filing scenario. Both experiments revealed a strong benefit for using self-chosen names over using names that were chosen by another for their personal use. However, both experiments also showed that participants could to some extent adapt their chosen names for use by a wider population. In experiment one, users could recall these ‘designed’ names more accurately than names that had been chosen for personal use by another (although this difference was not evident in a recognition test). Experiment two supported this effect; names designed for general use were more accurately recalled by another than the names designed for self-use after two sessions of use. Names designed for general use employed higher frequency words than did the self-chosen names, which supports the view that the benefit for self-chosen names partly lies in their exploitation of idiosyncratic associations.     

Adopt,adapt, abandon: Understanding why some young adults start,and then stop,using instant messaging

Instant messaging (IM) has become a popular and important mode of staying in touch for teens and young adults. It allows for easy, frequent and lightweight interaction that contributes to building and sustaining friendships, as well as coordinating social activities. Despite the initial appeal of IM, however, some have found it too distracting and have changed their usage or abandoned it. I interviewed 21 former users of IM about their adoption, usage and eventual abandonment of the technology. Results show that participants were initially attracted to features of IM that enabled them to maximize their use of leisure time via easy and frequent interaction with their friends, but that, in a different usage context, these same features became distracting and annoying. Participants adapted their behavior to avoid these drawbacks, but IM did not support these adaptations effectively. In particular, IM did not allow for control over interruptions, which became more important as their contact lists grew and social time became scarce; and they ultimately abandoned the technology. These results point to a need for understanding use beyond adoption, and a theoretical and practical focus on understanding the adaptation and changing utility that accompany long-term usage of technologies.     

Texting insincerely: The role of the period in text messaging

Text messaging is one of the most frequently used computer-mediated communication (CMC) methods. The rapid pace of texting mimics face-to-face communication, leading to the question of whether the critical non-verbal aspects of conversation, such as tone, are expressed in CMC. Much of the research in this domain has involved large corpus analyses, focusing on the contents of texts, but not how receivers comprehend texts. We ask whether punctuation – specifically, the period – may serve as a cue for pragmatic and social information. Participants read short exchanges in which the response either did or did not include a sentence-final period. When the exchanges appeared as text messages, the responses that ended with a period were rated as less sincere than those that did not end with a period. No such difference was found for handwritten notes. We conclude that punctuation is one cue used by senders, and understood by receivers, to convey pragmatic and social information.     

Public Cellphone Use Does Not Activate Negative Responses in Others…Unless They Hate Cellphones

Ostracism dramatically reduces psychosocial well‐being. Many studies have examined ostracism within digital environments, but to our knowledge no one has examined ostracism as manifested through public cellphone use. Experimental data revealed that public texting or reading on a cellphone was less ostracizing to copresent others than face‐to‐face ostracism but more ostracizing than face‐to‐face inclusion. Though cellphone use was somewhat ostracizing it did not prompt negative psychological effects, supporting the notion of cellphone taken‐for‐grantedness. Exceptions were found for those reporting phone technostress; these individuals were negatively affected by exposure to someone reading on a cellphone. Findings extend the ostracism paradigm to a new context and support research on the importance of attitudes and norms in shaping the effects of public cellphone use.     

用Modbus协议实现DCS与PLC之间的串行通讯

本文主要通过讨论HoneywellPKS集散系统与Ingersoll—randCMC可编程序控制器之间实现串行通讯所需的Modbus协议,硬件配置,软件组态以及连线,来说明用Modbus协议实现DCS与PLC之间串行通讯的一般方法及注意事项。     

Experiencing flow with instant messaging and its facilitating role on creative behaviors

The goal of this study is to explore how experiencing flow with IM, an Internet-based communication technology, can facilitate an individual’s perception on creativity. We argue that certain capabilities in IM, telepresence and perceived control, provide users a means to experience flow. We further investigate whether flow and its outcomes, positive affect and exploratory behavior have any influence on the perception of creativity of the users. Using an online survey with 207 observations we found that user’s perceived control over the technology and its ability to transport the user to a virtual environment were shown to facilitate the experience of flow. We found that flow in itself does not influence perceived expected creativity in its users but does indirectly influence perceived expected creativity through exploratory behavior and positive affect. From these initial findings we believe that our study provides implications for both users and designers on IT. Furthermore, managers can apply the findings during implementation and use of interactive information technologies for communications in the workplace.     

Sarcasm in Written Communication: Emoticons are Efficient Markers of Intention

We present 2 studies that investigate the use of emoticons in clarifying message intent. We examine sarcasm in particular, which can be especially hard to interpret correctly in written communication. In both studies, participants were required to make the intentions of their messages clear. In the first, they clarified the meaning of existing sentences without altering the wording; in the second, they produced their own sentences. Results provided clear evidence that tongue and wink emoticons are the principal indicators of sarcastic intent, and that ellipsis is associated more with criticism, rather than with sarcasm. These findings highlight the significant role emoticons play in clarifying message intention, compensating for the absence of nonverbal cues in written communication.     

Students’ linguistic behaviour in online discussion groups: Does gender matter?

This research examined students’ language use and interaction styles in text-based, computer-mediated discussion groups. The contributions of 197 introductory psychology students (149 females, 48 males) participating in asynchronous computer-mediated communication (CMC) were collated. Both quantitative and qualitative methods were used, under the methodological framework of qualitative content analysis [Mayring, P. (2000). Qualitative Content Analysis. Forum Qualitative Sozialforschung/Forum: Qualitative Social Research [online] 1. http://qualitative-research.net/fqs-e/2-00halt-e.htm Accessed 10.06.2001]. A coding system, which incorporated the creation of ‘supercodes’, was developed using Atlas.ti 4.2 and used to code 699 student postings in total. The frequencies of coded categories were analysed using χ² statistics in SPSS 10. It was found that males and females were similar regarding use of individual linguistic variables, with the exception of intensifiers as more females used them than males. However, significant gender differences were found in use of many of the stylistic variables and the supercode analysis showed overall gender-related patterns in interaction styles. Males were more likely to use authoritative language and to respond negatively in interactions, than females. On the other hand, females were more likely to explicitly agree and support others and make more personal and emotional contributions, than males. The results suggest that gendered power differentials may carry over into online contexts, which has implications for the use of CMC in education.     

苯丙乳液在添加PAE/CMC增强剂的浆料中的施胶性能

针对扬声器纸盆、纸浆餐盒等抗水性要求高的模塑产品,研究了在阳离子聚酰胺-环氧氯丙烷树脂(PAE)和羧甲基纤维素(CMC)组成的PAE/CMC二元增强体系中苯丙乳液浆内施胶效果.结果表明,在PAE/CMC二元增强体系中,PAE与CMC的电荷比影响苯丙乳液施胶效果,当PAE与CMC的电荷比在1.5 ～4.0之间,随着PAE和CMC的电荷比的增加,纸张施胶度快速增加,继续增加PAE与CMC的电荷比,纸张施腔度变化趋缓,当PAE与CMC的电荷比为8.0时,继续增加PAE与CMC的电荷比,纸张的施胶度基本不变.