CO-gasification of pelletized wood residues

A pelletization process was designed which produces cylindrical pellets ∼8 mm in length and 4 mm in diameter. These ones were manufactured using a blend of Pinus Patula and Cypress sawdust and coal in proportions of 0%, 5%, 10%, 20%, and 30% v/v of coal of rank sub-bituminous extracted from the Nechí mine (Amagá-Antioquia). For this procedure, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) was used as binder at three different concentrations. The co-gasification experiments were carried out with two kinds of mixtures, the first one was composed of granular coal and pellets of 100% wood and the second one was composed of pulverized wood and granular coal pellets. All samples were co-gasified with steam by using an electrical heated fluidized-bed reactor, operating in batches, at 850 °C. The main components of the gaseous product were H₂, CO, CO₂, CH₄, and N₂ with approximate quantities of 59%, 6.0%, 20%, 5.0%, and 9.0% v/v, respectively, and the higher heating values ranged from between 7.1 and 9.5 MJ/Nm³.     

Synthesis and Performance Properties of Cationic Fabric Softeners Derived from Different Fatty Acids and 1(2-Hydroxyethylpiperazine)

Quaternary ammonium salts (otherwise known as “quats”) commonly form the foundation of formulations in the antimicrobial industry. Many studies have been conducted on the biological activity of surfactants derived from fatty acids viz. lauric acid, myristic acid, stearic acid and palmitic acid and palm fatty acid with polyamine, i.e. 1(2-hydroxyethylpiperazine). The present paper investigates the synthesis and surface-active properties of esteramide quats derived from the esterification of the above-mentioned fatty acids and 1(2-hydroxyethylpiperazine) followed by quaternization using dimethyl sulphate (DMS). These derivatives were fully characterized by using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, and 13C-NMR spectroscopy. In addition to the cationic content, surface tension, CMC (critical micelle concentration), fabric softening, rewettability, emulsification and dispersing power were determined as their surface-active properties.

调味料膜包装的研究

利用CMC、海藻酸钠、魔芋胶为主要原料,配制可食性复合膜,进行比对实验,探讨成膜的影响因素、工艺以及3种复合膜的性能,结果实验以CMC2.0%、海藻酸钠2.0%、魔芋胶2.0%,甘油2%,玉米淀粉5%的复合膜为最好.并应用于方便面的调料包装,结果满意.     

电子辐照PVA/CMC共混水凝胶的成胶研究

本试验利用电子辐照PVA/CMC共混水凝胶,通过外观透明度、凝胶分数、溶胀度和红外光谱分析,研究了样品中结构的变化与外观透明度、凝胶分数和溶胀度的关系,以及辐照剂量对样品中结构和性能的影响.结果表明,不同比例的PVA与相同比例的CMC组成的共混水凝胶,经电子辐照后呈现不同的宏观特性.辐照样品萃取后得到的凝胶比萃取前的混合凝胶拥有更强的吸水性,表明辐照PVA/CMC共混凝胶形成了网状结构凝胶.几种竞争反应导致不同辐照剂量下混合凝胶中凝胶含量随PVA含量的变化变得复杂.辐照后样品的红外光谱分析显示,辐照使凝胶中部分仲醇中C上链接的H原子被取代而转变为叔醇,从而产生交联.     

产气固体饮料的开发研制

将黄原胶、羧甲基纤维素钠、海藻酸钠、明胶、卡拉胶单独或混合使用作为包埋剂，包埋碱（食用小苏打）后放入干燥箱，在60℃下烘干24h，然后取包埋物与柠檬酸、市售果粉混合，可以制造出橙味果粉产气固体饮料。通过对比试验确定量佳包埋剂为海藻酸钠--羧甲基纤维混合胶；混合胶各组分的浓度分别2%和1.5%，比例为5:1。     

A preliminary comparison of CIE color differences to textile color acceptability using average observers

Ninety‐six nylon pairs were prepared, including red, yellow, green, and blue standards, each at two lightness levels with CIE94 ΔE units ranging from 0.15 to 4.01. Visual assessments of acceptability were carried out by 21 females. Logistic regression compared visual results to four color‐difference equations, CIELAB, CMC, CIE94, and CIEDE2000. It was found that CMC most closely represented judgments of average observers. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 30, 288–294, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/col.20124     

长链烷基苯磺酸钠Gemini表面活性剂的合成和表面活性

以脂肪酸、苯酚、乙二醇为原料,经酰化反应、酯化反应、Fries重排、氢化还原反应、磺化以及中和反应等步骤,合成出3种长链烷基苯磺酸钠Gem in i表面活性剂。用IR、1HNMR和ESI-MS对产物进行了结构鉴定。以W ilhelmy-p late法测定了30℃时它们在水溶液中的临界胶束浓度(CMC)和临界胶束浓度下的表面张力(γCMC)。纯水溶液中其临界胶束浓度(CMC)为10-4~10-5mol/L,γCMC为35~37 mN/m;随着苯环上长链烷基碳数(n=8、10、12)的增加,CMC分别为5.94×10-4、1.53×10-5、0.46×10-5mol/L;γCMC分别为36.9、34.4、34.4 mN/m。结果表明,此类表面活性剂具有比较好的表面活性。     

一种流动改良剂的特性及其对涂布纸性能的影响

对比分析了一种韩国新型流动改良剂RM-57与CMC对涂料的黏度、保水性能、流变性能及其涂布性能的影响.结果表明,添加流动改良剂的涂料保水性和流变性能较添加等量CMC:的更好,成纸的光泽度和印刷光泽度更高,花斑更好.     

多糖抑制剂的化学成份和分子量对滑石浮选的影响

选矿工业中经常使用多糖抑制剂报制具有天然可浮性的脉石来提高精矿品位。微浮选研究结果表明，在10^-3mol/L KNO3离子浓度下，多糖抑制剂的用量、分子量和化学组成等会影响多糖抑制剂对滑石的抑制作用。对4种羧甲基纤维素（CMC）和3种改性的古尔胶药剂的黏度数据进行了测试，并对各种CMC的分子量进行了估算。当体系中加入了含古尔胶的聚合物之后，滑石的天然可浮性不仅会降低，而且滑石受到的抑制作用也会随着古尔胶分子量的增大而增强。较低用量的古尔胶可强烈抑制滑石，进一步增大古尔胶用量不会再增强它对滑石的抑制作用。在10^-5mol/L KNO3条件下，CMC不是滑石的有效的抑制剂。CMC分子量的改变对滑石抑制体系没有产生任何变化，但增大CMC的浓度会使抑制作用稍稍得到增强。本文根据以上这些研究和有关的文献提出了聚合物与滑石相互作用的机理。     

CMC在铜铅分离浮选中的应用

铜铅锌多金属矿石分离中,铜铅分离采用亚硫酸-矿浆加温法药剂来源困难、生产成本高,工业上难以实施;采用重铬酸盐法用量大、环境污染,但分离效果好仍被使用.经试验采用CMC-重铬酸盐组合抑制剂抑铅浮铜获得了较好的分选效果,对减少环境污染具有实际意义和较高的应用价值.