人口和城镇化转型背景下的太原市人口挑战与应对策略

目前,我国人口老龄化和少子化程度不 断加剧,常住人口城镇化速度减缓,如何保持 城市人口规模、实现合理的人口结构成为城市人 口发展的重要议题。本文以太原市为例,探讨人 口规模研究的新思路。在整合不同口径人口数 据基础上,梳理人口发展的现状和趋势,并采 用队列要素法推演太原市人口未来规模及其结 构,识别出在不加干预的情况下太原市将面临人 口萎缩、老龄化加剧和人口抚养比加重等一系 列人口问题的挑战。在此基础上,本文提出扭 转人口衰退危机、重返省内人口集聚中心、对标 中部发达省会城市发展步伐等三种情景下的人 口发展目标及途径,并据此提出更具针对性的 人口吸引政策、率先建设安心生育城市两方面行 动策略,期望为干预太原市人口发展趋势、探讨城市人口发展的可持续途径提供研究基础。本文研究结论也对不限于太原市的中国城市尤其是中 西部城市具有重要启示意义：第一,在人口自然增长和乡城人口迁移日趋衰微的背景下,此前普遍 增长的城市将因城市人口竞争加剧而出现分化;第二,吸引城际迁移人口的政策措施也不同于吸 引乡城迁移人口,需采取更加有助于个人发展和生活环境改善的政策;第三,面对日趋激烈的城市 人口竞争,城市更应注重本地人口的自然增长,积极探索生育友好政策的制定。     

On the journey to continuous deployment: Technical and social challenges along the way

ContextContinuous Deployment (CD) is an emerging software development process with organisations such as Facebook, Microsoft, and IBM successfully implementing and using the process. The CD process aims to immediately deploy software to customers as soon as new code is developed, and can result in a number of benefits for organisations, such as: new business opportunities, reduced risk for each release, and prevent development of wasted software. There is little academic literature on the challenges organisations face when adopting the CD process, however there are many anecdotal challenges that organisations have voiced on their online blogs.ObjectiveThe aim of this research is to examine the challenges faced by organisations when adopting CD as well as the strategies to mitigate these challenges.MethodAn explorative case study technique that involves in-depth interviews with software practitioners in an organisation that has adopted CD was conducted to identify these challenges.ResultsThis study found a total of 20 technical and social adoption challenges that organisations may face when adopting the CD process. The results are discussed to gain a deeper understanding of the strategies employed by organisations to mitigate the impacts of these challenges.ConclusionWhile a number of individual technical and social adoption challenges were uncovered by the case study in this research, most challenges were not faced in isolation. The severity of these challenges were reduced by a number of mitigation strategies employed by the case study organisation. It is concluded that organisations need to be well prepared to handle technical and social adoption challenges with their existing expertise, processes and tools before adopting the CD process. For practitioners, knowing how to address the challenges an organisation may face when adopting the CD process provides a level of awareness that they previously may not have had.     

A comparative study of challenges in integrating Open Source Software and Inner Source Software

Context

Several large software-developing organizations have adopted Open Source Software development (OSSD) practices to develop in-house components that are subsequently integrated into products. This phenomenon is also known as “Inner Source”. While there have been several reports of successful cases of this phenomenon, little is known about the challenges that practitioners face when integrating software that is developed in such a setting.

Objective

The objective of this study was to shed light on challenges related to building products with components that have been developed within an Inner Source development environment.

Method

Following an initial systematic literature review to generate seed category data constructs, we performed an in-depth exploratory case study in an organization that has a significant track record in the implementation of Inner Source. Data was gathered through semi-structured interviews with participants from a range of divisions across the organization. Interviews were transcribed and analyzed using qualitative data analysis techniques.

Results

We have identified a number of challenges and approaches to address them, and compared the findings to challenges related to development with OSS products reported in the literature. We found that many challenges identified in the case study could be mapped to challenges related to integration of OSS.

Conclusion

The results provide important insights into common challenges of developing with OSS and Inner Source and may help organizations to understand how to improve their software development practices by adopting certain OSSD practices. The findings also identify the areas that need further research.     

光伏产业现状及其面临的挑战

结合国内外光伏产业市场现状,讨论了光伏产业发展所面临的挑战,展望了"十二五"期间光伏产业的发展前景.     

电子商务发展对人力资源的挑战及企业的应对策略

随着电子商务的蓬勃发展,电子商务的发展虽然给企业带来机遇同时也给企业的人力资源带来挑战和压力。本在目的在于深入浅出的探讨了电子商务的迅速发展带给企业人力资源的挑战,同时也提出一些应对策略。     

Challenges for conservation and sustainable use in North America

Conservation will only increase as a focus for governments in the 21st century. Canada and the United States have been successful in conserving wildlife and habitats over the past 100 years through the North American Model of Wildlife Conservation. This approach is not universally accepted, however, and there are challenges to sustainable use practices such as hunting and fishing. Herein, we discuss seven of the biggest challenges to conservation worldwide: an increasing human population; globalization; urbanization and the human-nature divide; novel ecosystems; connectivity; funding, fragility and resilience; and abundance and superabundance. We then relate these to the North American context.