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71.
The enzymatic degradation of poly(N‐isopropyl acrylamide) (PNIPAM) grafted to carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) copolymers with a cellulasic preparation (Trichoderma viride) was studied. The enzymatic activity of the cellulasic preparation against CMC and the grafted copolymers was determined by the Petterson–Porath method, while their reduced viscosity variation in the presence of the same preparation was also followed. It has been shown that the enzymatic degradation behavior depends on the copolymer composition and the reaction temperature. Reducing sugars analysis showed that the experimental values for the grafted copolymers were higher than the calculated ones. At 50°C, the enzymatic reaction is completed in about 20 min for the copolymers, whereas for CMC it takes more than 40 min. It can be concluded that their enzymatic degradation is facilitated by the presence of the PNIPAM grafts. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 87: 1383–1386, 2003 相似文献
72.
以盐酸胍为前驱体,硝酸锆为锆源,通过热聚合法制备了Zr掺杂的Zr/g-C3N4光催化剂。运用XRD、SEM、UV-Vis DRS、PL、XPS、BET等手段对催化剂的结构、形貌、光学性能进行了表征分析。结果表明:Zr掺杂改性的Zr/g-C3N4光催化剂拓宽了可见光的吸收,增大了比表面积,且降低了光生电子-空穴的复合率,具有较好的光催化活性。可见光照射下,在60 min内,5Zr/g-C3N4对罗丹明B(RhB)的光催化降解率达99.29%,光催化降解过程符合一级动力学方程,其速率常数k= 0.08647 min-1,是纯g-C3N4的8.3倍。捕获剂实验发现降解RhB的主要活性物种为超氧自由基,并推测了可能的反应机理。 相似文献
73.
74.
The clay is treated with a reducing agent and an acid so as to obtain a clay containing various metal components with a variable‐valence state. Then, the clay is coprecipitated with natural rubber (NR) latex to prepare a vulcanized NR/clay composite. The degradation process of the NR/clay composite under hot air condition was studied dynamically by using a Fourier transform infrared spectrometer attaching an in situ sample cell and was also investigated using the TGA method. The test result obtained from the infrared spectrometry indicated that under low decomposition temperature, the decomposition products of the test samples mainly are ethylene, low molecular olefinic hydrocarbon, and carbonyl compounds. As the decomposition temperature rises, the low molecular olefinic hydrocarbon content decreases, the olefine with longer chain is formed, and a lot of alkane decomposition products are formed at the same time. When the content of the metal components with a variable‐valence state in clay such as Cu, Mn, Co, and Fe increases, the oxidation products containing the carbonyl group, the olefinic hydrocarbon, and CO2 in the decomposition product of the test sample also increase. The TGA result clearly shows a shoulder peak that appears by the side of the main peak on the DTG curve of NR/clay composite. With the increase in the content of metal components with variable‐valence state in clay, the initial degradation temperature of the test sample (T0), the degradation peak temperature (Tp1), and the final degradation temperature (Tf1) in first‐stage reaction, as well as the degradation peak temperature (Tp2) and the last final degradation temperature (Tf) in second‐stage reaction of all the test samples more or less shift to the direction of low temperature; besides, the activation energy (E) of the reaction of the test samples more or less decreases. This means that the metal components with variable‐valence state promote the oxidative degradation of the clay–rubber masterbatch. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 100: 3809–3815, 2006 相似文献
75.
Poly(butylene naphthalate terephthalate) (PBNT) copolyesters were synthesized from bis(4-hydroxybutyl) terephthalate (BHBT)
and bis(4-hydroxybutyl) naphthalate (BHBN) as starting materials. BHBT and BHBN were either homopolymerized or copolymerized
at 260∼270 °C in the presence of titanium tetrabutoxide (TBT) as a catalyst to provide PBNT with various compositions. The
copolyesters were characterized using inherent viscosity, X-ray, d.s.c., t.g.a. and 1H NMR. The composition and sequence distribution of the copolyesters was determined from 1H NMR spectra. The copolyesters exhibited a degree of randomness of about 1, indicating that the reactivity of BHBT and BHBN
was almost the same. X-ray and d.s.c. showed PBNT copolyesters to be crystalline polymers. T.g.a. kinetics showed PBNT copolyesters
to exhibit higher degradation activation energy, that is, better thermal stability, than PBTs. 相似文献
76.
Organic compounds dissolved in water can be decomposed on a layer of n-TiO2 particles irradiated by u.v. light, which generates holes and electrons in the TiO2 material. Dissolved oxygen was used as electron scavenger and holes reacted with water to give OH radicals. The rate of degradation of the dissolved organic compounds by OH radicals is limited by the transfer of either oxygen or of theorganic compounds to the surface of n-TiO2 particles. The consequence of these limits is that, in the batch mode reactor with recirculation of the liquid, the dependence of the concentration of an organic compound on time has either a linear or an exponential form. Experiments with decomposition of oxalic acid in aqueous solutions using a plate reactor (60 cm × 120 cm) confirmed the analysis. Equations for evaluation of the mass transfer coefficient of the dissolved species to the surface of the plate reactor with a moving liquid fil m were developed for the case of the thickness of the Nernst diffusion layer being thinner than the thickness of the liquid. The experimentally obtained decomposition rate of oxalic acid was about 60 to 80% of the theoretical decomposition rate limited by oxygen flux through the film of a moving liquid. The present theory neglects the diffusion of oxygen into the porous layer of n-TiO2. 相似文献
77.
通过对焦煅烧回窑的一些设计和运行参数的讨论,论述了锥形回转窑的设计及其使用的可行性和优越性。 相似文献
78.
半导体光催化氧化在有机废水处理中的应用与研究进展 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
简要介绍了半导体光催化氧化降解有机物的作用机理,重点阐述半导体光催化氧化在处理有机废水中的应用,并就该技术之不足对其应用前景和发展方向作了展望。 相似文献
79.
The flame‐retardant and smoke‐suppressant properties of inorganic tin compounds such as zinc hydroxystannate (ZHS) and zinc stannate (ZS) were investigated in a comparison with alumina trihydrate, magnesium hydroxide, and Sb2O3 through the limiting oxygen index test and smoke density test. The flame‐retardant mechanisms were studied through the char yield test, SEM, quantitative analysis, thermogravimetry and differential thermal analysis. The thermal degradation in air of flexible PVC treated with the above compounds was studied by thermal analysis from ambient temperature to 800°C. The results showed that tin compounds such as ZHS and ZS could be used as a highly effective flame retardant for flexible PVC, and it appears that the tin compound may exert its action in both the condensed and vapor phases, but mainly in condensed phases as a Lewis acid. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 98: 1469–1475, 2005 相似文献
80.