PP/弹性体/无机纳米粒子复合材料的研究进展

概述了目前PP 弹性体 无机纳米粒子三元复合体系的研究进展情况,包括:基体树脂的选择与改性、弹性体尤其是新型聚烯烃弹性体(POE)的应用、无机纳米粒子对复合体系的影响、增韧增强机理的研究等。     

Electrochemical reaction of the SiMn/C composite for anode in lithium ion batteries

The SiMn-graphite composite powder was prepared by mechanical ball milling and its electrochemical performances were evaluated as the candidate anode materials for lithium ion batteries. It is found that the cyclic performance of the composite materials is improved significantly compared to SiMn alloy and pure silicon. The heat treatment of the electrodes is beneficial for enhancing the cyclic stabilities. The SiMn-20 wt.% graphite composite electrode after annealing at 200 °C has an initial reversible capacity of 463 mAh g⁻¹ and a charge-discharge efficiency of 70%. Moreover, the reversible capacity maintains 426 mAh g⁻¹ after 30 cycles with a coulomb efficiency of over 97%. The phase structure and morphology of the composite were analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy. The lithiation/delithiation behavior was investigated by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and cyclic voltammetry. The composite materials appear to be promising candidates as negative electrodes for lithium rechargeable batteries.     

Films formed from polystyrene latex/clay composites: A fluorescence study

This study reports a steady-state fluorescence (SSF) technique for studying film formation from surfactant-free polystyrene (PS) latex and Na-montmorillonite (SNaM) composites. The composite films were prepared from pyrene (P)-labeled PS particles and SNaM clay at room temperature and annealed at elevated temperatures in 10-min intervals above glass transition temperature (t₃) of polystyrene. During the annealing processes, the transparency of the film improved considerably. Scattered light (I_s) and fluorescence intensity (I_p) from P were measured after each annealing step to monitor the stages of film formation. Evolution of transparency of composite films was monitored by using photon transmission intensity, I_tr. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to detect the variation in physical structure of annealed composite films. Minimum film formation temperature, T_q, and healing temperatures, T_h, were determined. Void closure and interdiffusion stages were modeled and related activation energies were determined. It was observed that both activation energies increased as the percent of SNaM was increased in composite films.     

利用铝厂污泥合成莫来石/刚玉复相材料

采用铝型材厂污泥和粘土为原料合成莫来石刚玉复相材料，主要探讨不同Al2O3／SiO2比值对形成的晶相结构影响。采用XRD和SEM表征各样品的晶相，结果表明各样品都形成2种晶相：莫来石固溶体和刚玉相，其中No．2配方中莫来石和刚玉的比例为：71．6：28．4，莫来石在扫描电镜下呈柱状交织，为较佳配方。     

反拱法碳纤维加固RC梁的数值模拟分析

采用动力设备将钢筋混凝土梁向上反拱一定的弧度,然后在梁的下部外贴碳纤维布（CFRP）,待碳纤维布养护完全后,卸载,此时后加的碳纤维布与原钢筋混凝土梁同时进入工作状态。作者采用分析软件ANSYS模拟此过程,通过与直接用碳纤维布加固RC梁进行比较,得出反拱法加固RC梁能有效提高其承载能力,对类似工程具有一定的借鉴意义。     

矩形截面深梁的一个新理论及其应用

综合考虑梁截面转动、相邻截面剪切变形和横向压力等影响推导出弯曲矩形截面深梁的新理论。作为算例,应用虚拟功的互等法具体求解了在均布载荷作用下两端简支深梁的弯曲问题,给出了这种情况的数值计算结果,与ANSYS有限元结果进行了对照,验证了该新理论的正确性。     

纳米氧化镍纤维的制备及表征

利用静电纺丝法,制备出聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)/四水乙酸镍纤维前躯体,通过焙烧前躯体制备出纳米氧化镍纤维,并用透射电子显微镜(TEM),扫描电子显微镜(SEM),X-射线衍射(XRD)以及热重分析(TG)对纤维进行了表征.     

基于CSY型传感器的悬臂力学试验确定材料弹性模量的方法

对在CSY型传感器综合实验仪上拓展悬臂梁力学实验进行了研究,研究了在该实验仪上实现材料弹性模量的测定.通过材料力学的理论推导出悬臂梁弹性模量与其受力和挠度比值的关系,通过应变式传感器的实验确定出悬臂梁受力与其挠度的比值关系,进一步可推导出悬臂梁材料的弹性模量,并验证了该方法的可行性及有效性.该方法集合了电阻应变效应、全桥差动电路等传感器电测技术以及材料弹性力学、悬臂梁结构力学的基础知识,具有综合应用性.同时,对高校实验室如何有效利用设备资源、开发拓展型实验有一定的示范作用.     

夏季极端环境下住宅墙体EPS保温体系热结构耦合分析

以居住建筑保温工程中一个典型开间的外墙为研究对象,采用有限元数值模拟方法,分析了EPS板薄抹灰外墙外保温复合墙体在夏季极端高温、骤降暴雨环境下的热结构耦合反应,结果表明:外界不利环境是引起裂缝或脱落的主要因素之一;聚苯板具有良好的隔热效果;窗洞四角变形较大,是容易出现问题的地方,应当引起重视;由于砂浆与EPS板的交界处变形不协调,裂缝会首先出现在砂浆层或者与EPS板的交界处.     

PP／CaCO3复合材料的力学性能研究

通过采用熔融共混的方法制备了PP／CaCO3复合材料，然后对复合材料的力学性能进行分析，研究了微米级和纳米级CaCO3的表面处理、含量对PP／CaCO3复合材料力学性能的影响规律，并对此影响规律进行合理的解释。