液化石油气球罐裂纹成因分析与讨论

对两台1500m3液化石油气球罐在用检验中所发现裂纹的成因进行了分析。有限元应力计算和X射线衍射残余应力测试表明,球罐赤道环焊缝位置存在较高的工作应力和焊接残余应力;对典型裂纹中夹杂物能谱分析表明,这些夹杂物是焊渣;在分析球罐现场组焊焊接工艺的基础上,得出焊缝裂纹主要是由于焊接工艺不当所致,进而提出了修复方案。     

Structure of Crack in Thermally Dried Sludge Cake

We examined in this work the drying characteristics of wastewater sludge, considering the weight loss using an electronic balance and the morphology change of drying cake by an X-ray micro-computerized tomography scanner (micro-CT). The drying rates for sludge cake was 50-60% of the pure water test. The corresponding micro-CT images were scanned to explore the change in cake volume and development of internal crack over drying. The Otsu's method was applied to bilevel the scanned images, based on which the three-dimensional model for crack's internal structure was reconstructed. The cake porosity and the geometric factors of cracks, such as the compactness, the boundary fractal dimension, and the Sierpinski carpet fractal dimension, were evaluated. The shrinkage of cake volume and the development of internal crack occurred simultaneously. The skin layer formed by the former mechanism retards further drying. On the other hand, the internal cracks were shown to exhibit zigzagging with a noncircular cross section and fractal-like boundary, which should be able to enhance local drying. A possible role of change in crack structure on the rate of drying was discussed.     

混凝土梁三点弯曲负荷下声发射特性研究

研究混凝土梁受三点弯曲负荷时的声发射（ＡＥ）特性,结果表明在加载妆期裂缝在混凝土中的形成和扩展是间歇的,达到临界状态后裂缝的扩展呈失稳;切噪上对深对混凝的发射特性有着显著影响,切口相对深化度增大,声发射事件突发性明显减小,表明其产脆性程度降低。利用声发射可以对内部裂缝进行定位。     

影响薄带连铸低碳钢带表面微裂纹形成的主要因素

以目前国内外已公开的薄带连铸专利为基础,综述了生产低碳钢薄带产品时微裂纹形成的主要影响因素.采用对钢液的碳、硅、锰、硫的含量进行严格控制;通过真空处理减少钢液中的气体含量;形成足够数量的低熔点夹杂物;采用合适的结晶辊形貌等措施,对于改善结晶辊和铸带之间的传热、减少和控制薄带连铸低碳钢产品的微裂纹缺陷有效果.     

Fibre bridging during high temperature fatigue crack growth in Ti/SiC composites

Synchrotron X-ray diffraction has been used to map the crack tip stress field, load redistribution and the variation in interfacial shear stress along bridging fibres local to a matrix crack during fatigue crack growth in Ti-6Al-4V/unidirectional SCS-6 SiC monofilament composite at elevated temperature. Quasi-static fatigue cycles were applied in a diffractometer at the same stress amplitudes and temperatures (120 and 300 °C) as those used in prior off-line fatigue testing. The elastic fibre strains were measured ply by ply along the fibres and in the matrix in the region of the crack. In this manner the crack affected zone was mapped, and subsequently the interfacial shear stress levels deduced as a function of distance from the crack at these temperatures. The results are compared with previous studies of load redistribution at room temperature and the fibre sliding stresses compared with those needed to slide pristine fibres to evaluate degradation of the interfacial shear strength caused by interfacial wear during fatigue. The implications for the use of such composites at elevated temperatures, for example in aero engines, are discussed.     

冷轧棍的超声表面波检测

为对轧辊表面和近表面的缺陷进行判断和定性分析,控制合理磨削量,提出用表面波对轧棍表面裂纹进行超声检测的方法,为制造商更好地控制轧辊质量提供了技术支持。     

基于三维数值模拟的焊缝缺陷漏磁场分析

漏磁检测技术对钢板对接焊缝检测鲜有应用,根据铁磁性焊缝的特点,针对焊接结构中较敏感的裂纹缺陷,探讨应用漏磁法检测钢板对接焊缝裂纹缺陷。采用有限元数值模拟方法(FEM),建立了焊缝三维FEM模型;对比分析焊缝不同区域存在裂纹时漏磁场分布规律;建立不同焊缝余高包含相同尺寸裂纹的三维FEM模型,分析由于焊缝余高的存在对裂纹检出率的影响;研究在焊缝余高3 mm结构条件下,漏磁场磁感应强度分量峰值随裂纹深度的变化规律,得到漏磁场相关对比分析曲线。仿真结果表明:漏磁法适用于钢板对接焊缝缺陷的检测研究;焊缝余高越小,可获得更高的缺陷检出率;漏磁场磁感应强度分量峰值均随裂纹深度的增加呈递增趋势。     

连铸管坯裂纹在加热穿孔过程中的变化

研究了连铸管坯表面不同深度裂纹在加热穿孔过程中的变化。结果表明，在连铸管坯内部质量良好时，剥皮能显著改善穿孔毛管表面质量；加热穿孔可以消除或减少管坯表面的微裂纹；管坯表面较深的裂纹穿孔后将在毛管表面以外折的形式出现。     

Modeling convective drying of wet cake

This study analyzed convective drying of wastewater sludge cakes with three-dimensional cake structures probed using an X-ray micro-computerized tomography scanner (micro-CT), considering the development of cracks and cake morphology. The presence of artificial cracks on cake surface assist drying, but those occurred naturally cannot. The cake surface is noted far from saturation over drying. Moreover, the cracks transport easily moisture to cake surface, hence yielding high surface humidity (and rates) for drying. Comprehensive drying model has to incorporate real boundary conditions for success modeling.     

Preparation and characterization of microcapsules containing linseed oil and its use in self-healing coatings

Effectiveness of linseed oil filled microcapsules was investigated for healing of cracks generated in paint/coatings. Microcapsules were prepared by in situ polymerization of urea–formaldehyde resin to form shell over linseed oil droplets. Characteristics of these capsules were studied by FTIR, TGA/DSC, scanning electron microscope (SEM) and particle size analyzer. Mechanical stability was determined by stirring microcapsules in different solvents and resin solutions. Cracks in a paint film were successfully healed when linseed oil was released from microcapsules ruptured under simulated mechanical action. Linseed oil healed area was found to prevent corrosion of the substrate.