卧式离心铸造汽缸套"黑斑"形成机理及预防措施

卧式离心铸造合金铸铁汽缸套"黑斑"是一种由合金成分和生产工艺等因素而造成的"夹层"石墨漂浮、比重偏析的综合缺陷.主要预防措施是强化冷却和将锰含量提高到2%.     

火花点燃式发动机压缩比与数字计数器读数的校正关系

采用压缩比与数字计数器的对应检索校正关系来评定检查火花点燃式发动机的机械状况。根据沿海不同地区室内室间实验室的对比与协调试验计算分析，所采用的检索法达到美国沃克夏机器制造厂规定的ASTM精度。本文提出的检索法具有快速、简捷和准确等特点，可适用于沿海地区火花点燃式发动机的机械设备状况校准试验。     

Measurement of the size, shape and orientation of convex bodies

Different types of solid bodies (particles) with specific shape and size are needed for industrial processes. For spherical particles, ‘sizer’ measurements are usually reported as sphere diameters. For non-spherical particles, particle shape and especially orientation must be taken into account. Particles of a specific shape will present different views when looked at from different directions.We have employed a Camsizer^® instrument to measure the distribution of projected area under different physical conditions for solid cylindrical particles:

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Under ‘ideal’ conditions, corresponding to a uniform distribution of particle orientation, measurements agreed with predictions. The celebrated theorem of Cauchy applies only to this case.

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For two other situations, measured and predicted results differed. However, from the experimental data it was possible to infer the particle orientations and hence theoretically predict the projected area distribution. Excellent agreement between theory and practice was then restored.

     

Modeling of the drying process in paper plants

In this study a model for the drying process in paper production plants was developed based on the mass and heat balances around drying cycles. Relationships for the heat transfer coefficients between the web and the air as well as between the drying cylinder and the web were extracted from the closed-loop plant operation data. It was found that the heat transfer coefficients could be represented effectively in terms of moisture content, basis weight and reel velocity. The effectiveness of the proposed model was illustrated through numerical simulations. From the comparison with the operation data, the proposed model represents the paper plant being considered with sufficient accuracy.     

Drying-induced stresses in elastic and viscoelastic saturated materials

The paper presents a theoretical analysis of stresses generated during convective drying of kaolin, based on elastic and viscoelastic models. The equations of these models were solved analytically for a cylindrically shaped sample; the distribution and evolution of the radial and circumferential stresses are illustrated in diagrams. The acoustic emission method was used in experimental tests for identification on line of the time period during which the stresses reach their maximal values. A better correlation has been found between the experimental tests and the theoretical predictions obtained on the basis of the viscoelastic model.     

基于显著性分析的气缸盖结构优化设计

为了改变缸盖的结构,提高气缸盖运行工况下的温度分布及结构可靠性,进行了以鼻梁区宽度等六组参数为设计变量、以其许用范围约束条件、以等效热应力最低为优化目标的汽缸盖结构优化。基于正交实验法,构建了6因素5水平的正交实验表,并建立相应的三维模型,仿真得到了温度场及热应力。通过均值化法去量纲,分析得到了各因素的显著性水平,基于各因素的显著性水平选取了最优方案,并进行对比。结果表明,优化尺寸优选后方案的最大热应力比原始结构降低了13.48%,为缸盖的结构设计提供了一定的参考。     

发动机缸体、缸盖用覆膜砂性能研究及选优

结合江淮汽车厂4DA1型发动机缸体、缸盖的生产实际,对覆膜砂的强度、发气性和溃散性进行了研究。通过对3种覆膜砂性能的检测和比较,得出覆膜砂的固化强度表现为随固化因素改变,先不断升高直至达到最大值,然后再不断下降,以及在覆膜砂常规固化温度(200~250℃)和固化时间(90~140 s)范围内,固化温度和固化时间对覆膜砂型芯发气性的影响不大等基本规律,最终确定制芯工艺指导参数分别为:覆膜砂A 230℃、110 s,覆膜砂B 230℃、120 s,覆膜砂C 220℃、120 s,同时满足了制备型芯的高强度、低发气量和高溃散性的要求。     

4DA1发动机气缸体螺栓孔渗漏的分析与解决

分析了4DA1气缸体渗漏的原因。通过试验，查明了孕育剂种类和加入量，Cr-Fe的加入量，铁液成分，浇注温度和微量Pb对渗漏率的影响；提出控制铁液成分，选择合适孕育剂，使用碲涂料等综合解决措施，有效降低渗漏率。     

8170缸体裂纹缺陷的探讨

对8170缸体裂纹缺陷进行了探讨分析,通过优化铸件结构,改进合金化工艺,完善浇注工艺以及随流孕育与炉前孕育工艺相结合等措施,使裂纹缺陷解决。     

G32球墨铸铁气缸盖的生产

为了适应柴油机功率的增大,采用球墨铸铁生产G32气缸盖。在生产过程中通过严格控制原材料,选择合理的铸造工艺、化学成分、球化处理和孕育处理,生产出满足要求的气缸盖。结果表明：提高G32气缸盖伸长率的措施有：严格控制原铁液含硫量≤0.030%;适当提高铁液中硅含量;降低铁液中的锰含量;保证有50%左右的铁素体数量。