Using confidence interval to summarize the evaluating results of DSM systems

Distributed shared Memory(DSM) systems have gained popular acceptance by combining the scalability and low cost of distributed system with the ease of use of single address space.Many new hardware DSM and software DSM systems have been proposed in recent years.In general,benchmarking is widely used to demonstrate the performance advantages of new systems.Howerver,the common method used to summarize the measured results is the arithmetic mean of ratios,which is incorrect in some cases.Furthermore,many published papers list a lot of data only,and do not summarize them effectively,which confuse users greatly.In fact,many users want to get a single number as conclusion,which is not provided in old summarizing techniques.Therefore,a new data-summarizing technique based on confidence interval is proposed in this paper.The new technique includes two data-summarizing methods:(1) paried confidence interval method;(2) unpaired confidence interval method.With this new technique,it is concluded that at some confidence one system is better than others.Four examples are shown to demonstrate the advantages of this new technique.Furthermore,with the help of confidence level,it is proposed to standardize the benchmaks used for evaluating DSM systems so that a convincing result can be got,In addition,the new summarizing technique fits not only for evaluating DSM systems,but also for evaluating other systems,such as memory system and communication systems.     

Transparent adaptation of sharing granularity in MultiView‐based DSM systems

In this paper we propose a mechanism that provides distributed shared memory (DSM) systems with a flexible sharing granularity. The size of the shared memory units is dynamically determined by the system during runtime. This size can range from that of a single variable up to the size of the entire shared memory space. During runtime, the DSM transparently adapts the granularity to the memory access pattern of the application in each phase of its execution. This adaptation, called ComposedView, provides efficient data sharing in software DSM while preserving sequential consistency. Neither complex code analysis nor annotation by the programmer or the compiler are required. Our experiments indicate a substantial performance boost (up to 80% speed‐up improvement) when running a large set of applications using our method, compared to running these benchmark applications with the best fixed granularity. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

浅谈市场化条件下的电价改革

针对电力市场化改革中电价存在的问题 ,从制定电价原则、因素及方法入手 ,探讨合理制定电价的方法     

Biomedical Explanations of Psychopathology, the DSM , and Essential Necessities for Advancement of Diagnostic Classification: An Essay Review.

The two books reviewed demonstrate convincingly that the etiology of mental disorders calls for the inclusion of multiple networks of causal factors in which psychological and sociocultural influences play a prominent part. Further, the books demonstrate that historic efforts to describe and construct categories that encompass these difficulties rest on false assumptions and are embedded in erroneous and distorting conceptual systems. Numerous enlightened alternatives to the current Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV; American Psychiatric Association, 1994) system are articulated in both books. Comments and extended suggestions are made on proposals the reviewer judges as providing especially incisive critiques or creative innovations. A framework for building a scientific foundation for integrating psychopathology and psychotherapy also is recommended. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

基于LIDAR数据的城市数字表面模型生成技术

激光雷达(LIDAR)数据是一种新型数据源,它产生的是高密度点云数据。为了更加方便地应用这些数据,首先要生成数字表面模型(DSM)。采用传统的方法生成城市DSM,对城市区域复杂性的考虑不足,也没有对数据存在的缺值情况进行相应处理,故无法生成高质量的城市DSM。该文阐述了一种新颖的生成高质量城市DSM的方法,兼顾城市的复杂性和LIDAR传感器本身的特点。试验证明,该方法生成的DSM与传统方法相比,具备更好的效果。     

一种基于彩色分割的改进DSM视差匹配算法

提出了一种改进的视差匹配算法.采用基于图像彩色分割的自适应权重方法,提高了DSM算法中像素点显著性估计的准确度,降低了视差匹配的误匹配率;并利用同一彩色区域的像素视差的相关性,缩小了视差匹配的搜索范围,减少了视差匹配的运算量.使用Middlebury网站的标准测试图像对文中的视差匹配算法进行了评估,实验结果表明,提出的视差匹配算法与DSM算法相比,降低了误匹配率,并且提高了运算速度.     

一种构建于DSM的移动对象的全时态索引方法

移动对象索引技术是移动对象数据库这个新兴的热点领域中的关键技术之一.针对该技术处理数据的繁琐复杂特性,提出构建于DSM的移动对象索引方法 DSM_MSMON,在分布式系统中并行的管理移动对象的信息,支持更新和查询操作.DSM_MSMON统一了单机和多机的内存管理策略,解决了DSM系统中的数据定位、一致性维护、负载平衡和可扩充性等主要问题,有效地提高了移动对象索引的效率.文中给出DSM_MSMON的设计思想和模型,并分析了DSM_MSMON的关键技术和程序流程.实验结果表明,该方法要优于MSMON结构.     

Critical peak rebate strategy and application to demand response

Time-of-use (TOU) pricing strategy is an important component of demand-side management (DSM), but the cost of supplying power during critical peak periods remains high under TOU prices. This affects power system reliability. In addition, TOU prices are usually applicable to medium- and long-term load control but cannot effectively regulate short-term loads. Therefore, this paper proposes an optimization method for TOU pricing and changes the electricity consumption patterns during the critical peak periods through a critical peak rebate (CPR). This reduces generation costs and improves power system reliability. An optimization model for peak-flat-valley (PFV) period partition is established based on fuzzy clustering and an enumeration iterative technique. A TOU pricing optimization model including grid-side and customer-side benefits is then proposed, and a simulated annealing particle swarm optimization (SAPSO) algorithm is used to solve the problem. Finally, a CPR decision model is developed to further reduce critical peak loads. The effectiveness of the proposed model and algorithm is illustrated through different case studies of the Roy Billinton Test System (RBTS).     

一种可操作的DSM峰谷分时电价定价方法

运用经济学原理研究了峰谷分时电价的市场效应,建立了基于电力需求价格弹性矩阵的峰谷分时电价数学模型,提出了电网总售电收入(用户电费支出)对电网负荷变化的反应灵敏度概念。通过对该模型的目标函数进行优化,得到了一种可操作的峰谷分时电价定价方法。算例仿真分析表明所提出的分时电价定价方法是切实可行的,它有利于减小电网的高峰负荷,改善负荷曲线,提高系统运行的可靠性和经济性,实现资源的优化配置和电力工业的可持续发展。     

实时重新配置的分布式共享存储的研究

针对分布式共享存储(DSM)系统固定节点集合配置的限制,提出一种支持节点重新配置的DSM系统的实现方案。方案中,系统允许用户在执行DSM程序时改变节点集合。这种增加节点的能力使得用户可以进一步缩短DSM程序的执行时间,同时,通过动态删除系统中的节点,可以避免系统用户和计算机用户之间的资源竞争问题。为实现上述功能,系统采用了适宜工作量的重新分配和亲合页面的迁移等技术。该系统支持顺序一致性和释放一致性,能提供面向对象的并行程序环境。