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11.
Wiltrout Charles; Dogra Samriti; Linster Christiane 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》2003,117(2):236
Studies on odor mixture perception suggest that although odor components can often be identified in mixtures, mixtures can also give rise to novel perceptual qualities that are not present in the components. Using an olfactory habituation task, the authors evaluated how the perceptual similarity between components in a mixture affects the perceptual quality of the mixture itself. Rats perceived binary mixtures composed of similar components as different from their 2 components, whereas binary mixtures composed of dissimilar components were perceived as very similar to their components. Results show that for both types of mixtures, pretraining to Component A reduces subsequent learning about Component B in rats trained in the presence of A. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献
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Two experiments examined how cross-list directional associations influenced list-method directed forgetting and the degree of interference observed on each list. Each List 1 item had a (a) bidirectionally related item on List 2 (chip ←→ potato), (b) forward association with an item on List 2 (chip → wood), (c) backward association from an item on List 2 (chip ← chisel), or (d) no relationship with List 2 items. The results revealed that associative relationships that eliminated retroactive interference in the baseline condition also eliminated the directed forgetting costs. In contrast, associative relationships did not affect List 2 recall in the forget group, which remained unchanged across experimental conditions. However, certain conditions reduced proactive interference in the remember group, thereby eliminating the benefits of directed forgetting. The directed forgetting costs and benefits were observed independently of each other. The authors propose that these effects emerged from a combination of item and context strengthening induced by different associative directions. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献
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Magnuson James S.; Tanenhaus Michael K.; Aslin Richard N.; Dahan Delphine 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》2003,132(2):202
The time course of spoken word recognition depends largely on the frequencies of a word and its competitors, or neighbors (similar-sounding words). However, variability in natural lexicons makes systematic analysis of frequency and neighbor similarity difficult. Artificial lexicons were used to achieve precise control over word frequency and phonological similarity. Eye tracking provided time course measures of lexical activation and competition (during spoken instructions to perform visually guided tasks) both during and after word learning, as a function of word frequency, neighbor type, and neighbor frequency. Apparent shifts from holistic to incremental competitor effects were observed in adults and neural network simulations, suggesting such shifts reflect general properties of learning rather than changes in the nature of lexical representations. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献
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Yoon Carolyn; Feinberg Fred; Hu Ping; Gutchess Angela Hall; Hedden Trey; Chen Hiu-Ying Mary; Jing Qicheng; Cui Yao; Park Denise C. 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》2004,19(3):379
Understanding how aging influences cognition across different cultures has been hindered by a lack of standardized, cross-referenced verbal stimuli. This study introduces a database of such item-level stimuli for both younger and older adults, in China and the United States, and makes 3 distinct contributions. First, the authors specify which item categories generalize across age and/or cultural groups, rigorously quantifying differences among them. Second, they introduce novel, powerful methods to measure between-group differences in freely generated ranked data, the rank-ordered logit model and Hellinger Affinity. Finally, a broad archive of tested, cross-linguistic stimuli is now freely available to researchers: data, similarity measures, and all stimulus materials for 105 categories and 4 culture-by-age groups, comprising over 10,000 fully translated unique item responses. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献
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针对气测录井中外源气、二次循环气对油气显示层解释的干扰问题,该文提出了用差分色谱法来消除其影响,并就其概念和实现方法做了介绍;对差分色谱的测量条件及影响因素进行了分析,文章还列举了差分色谱的录井应用实例。在满足差分色谱测量条件的前提下,该方法有利于气测录井解释和油气水层评价,为气测录井半定量或定量解释提供一种方法和途径。 相似文献
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Zhang Sheng-ming Yangtze River Scientific Research Institute Wuhan Hubei P. R. China 《水动力学研究与进展(B辑)》1992,(2)
Through a series of model tests of five scales for 2-D free hydraulic jump, the da-ta of fluctuating pressure acting on the floor level within the hydraulic jump were obtained. Dur-ing the experiments, Froude number varied from 2.94 to 8.61, and Reynolds number rangedfrom 2×10~4 to 6×10~5. Experiment results indicate that the amplitude scale of fluctuating pres-sure is the length scale of model, i. e. P'=L, which agrees with gravity similarity law: Thefrequency scale of the fluctuating pressure is a unity i. e., f=1, which does not satisfy thegravity similarity law. 相似文献
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Little is known about whether personality characteristics influence initial attraction. Because adult attachment differences influence a broad range of relationship processes, the authors examined their role in 3 experimental attraction studies. The authors tested four major attraction hypotheses--self similarity, ideal-self similarity, complementarity, and attachment security--and examined both actual and perceptual factors. Replicated analyses across samples, designs, and manipulations showed that actual security and self similarity predicted attraction. With regard to perceptual factors, ideal similarity, self similarity, and security all were significant predictors. Whereas perceptual ideal and self similarity had incremental predictive power, perceptual security's effects were subsumed by perceptual ideal similarity. Perceptual self similarity fully mediated actual attachment similarity effects, whereas ideal similarity was only a partial mediator. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献
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为了确保安全,核工业和其它一些工业要求某些参数的计算值只能取正的相对误差且不大于5×10-3,这是它们对数值计算的基本要求.例如,反应堆带功率运行时,功率增长总是随时间上升,功率曲线是向下凹的.传统的龙格-库塔法计算值总是小于真实值,并且随着时间的增加,计算值越来越小于真实值.按计算值分析,反应堆是安全的,但实际上反应堆是不安全的.这对反应堆的安全极为不利.为此,本文开拓了一个全新的数值计算方法.与龙格-库塔法相比,该方法计算工作量小,与预测一校正法相比,该方法没有启动问题.更值得指出的是计算值高于真实值,这样,反应堆计算结果总是偏于安全的. 相似文献