CFD analysis of the ITER first wall 06 panel. Part I: Model set-up and flow distribution

The first detailed Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) analysis of the FW06 panel of the ITER shielding blanket is presented in two companion papers. In this Part I we introduce the problem, define the model together with its input and discuss the results with particular reference to the hydraulics of the water coolant. The pressure drop across the panel is computed, together with the distribution of the flow among the different channels. Different design options are studied, with particular reference to the minimization of stagnation/recirculation regions.     

泡沫除尘机理与泡沫药剂配方的要求

本文分析了泡沫的产生、泡沫除尘机理和表面活性的结构和性质，认为泡沫药剂配方中一般有起泡剂、湿润剂、稳定剂、增溶剂等助剂（表面活性剂），才能有效地降低粉尘，并通过实验确定了泡沫高度、表面张力和表面活性剂溶液浓度之间的变化关系，为研制泡沫药剂配方提供一定的理论和实验依据。     

企业如何选择存货的计价方法

存货在大多数企业资产总额中占有较大的比重，合理选择存货的计价方法对企业的经营成果有着重要的影响。选择不同的存货计价方法将会导致不同的成本水平、报告利润，并且对企业的税收负担，现金流量产生较大的影响。     

High heat flux test with HIP bonded Be/Cu/SS mock-ups for the ITER first wall

In order to verify the integrity of the first wall (FW) of the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER), especially for preparing its qualification program by ITER-O, Be/Cu/SS mock-ups, which were the same size as the qualification mock-ups, were fabricated and tested at the TSEFEY, an e-beam facility, in Efremov, Russia. These mock-ups were joined with a 316 L austenitic stainless steel (SS316L) block for a structural material, CuCrZr for a heat sink material and SS316L tubes for a coolant and then, joined with three Be tiles for an armor material. A hot isostatic pressing (HIP) was used as manufacturing methods at a 1050 °C, 100 MPa for 2 h for a Cu/SS joining and at a 580 °C, 100 MPa for 2 h for a Be/(Cu/SS) joining. Two mock-ups were fabricated by using 1 μmCr/10 μmCu of an interlayer between the Be tile and Cu block. The high heat flux (HHF) tests were performed at 1.5 and 2.0 MW/m² heat fluxes for each mock-up. The given conditions and the expected fatigue lifetime were evaluated from a preliminary analysis with ANSYS. Both mock-ups survived for up to 1000 and 268 cycles at 1.5 and 2.0 MW/m² heat fluxes, respectively. They are higher than the expected numbers of cycles to a failure.     

Geologic Workflows: The Metamorphosis of the Great Rock

Creating a series of inspirational museum spaces inside an irregularly shaped void at the heart of a massive artificial rock formation is no everyday task. To fulfil the dream that had driven construction of the Great Rock at Budapest Zoo & Botanical Garden over a century ago, and to make the most of the space available, local firm PLANT – Atelier Peter Kis devised an innovative workflow that began with 3D scanning of the decaying concrete structure. Architect Péter Kis and landscape architect Sándor Bardóczi describe it.     

聚变驱动次临界堆第一壁材料辐照损伤的初步研究

介绍了中子对材料的辐照损伤原理及化合物原子平均离位(DPA)截面计算方法;使用辐照损伤计算程序SPECTER计算了聚变驱动次临界堆(FDS-I)第一壁材料CLAM钢的辐照损伤参数,并将CLAM钢的辐照损伤计算结果与相同条件下316SS、SiC等聚变堆结构材料的计算结果进行了比较.     

Catalytic hydrolysis of sodium borohydride solution for hydrogen production using thermal plasma synthesized nickel nanoparticles

In the present study nickel nanoparticles were synthesized by thermal plasma route. In this method we obtained highly crystalline almost spherical nanoparticles with maximum number of particles having size around 30–50 nm. These nanoparticles were thoroughly characterized and employed as a catalyst for hydrogen production using hydrolysis of sodium borohydride (NaBH₄). The effect of initial concentration of NaBH₄, pH and temperature of solution on the rate of hydrogen production was investigated. Nickel nanoparticles exhibits first order reaction with respect to NaBH₄ concentration at elevated temperatures. After hydrolysis, the nickel nanoparticles showed presences of B–O and B–OH species on the nickel surface. The catalyst was found to be stable during 5 sequential cycles of test.     

Catalytic dehydrogenation of formic acid-triethanolamine mixture using copper nanoparticles

In a bid to complement the lost reserves from fossils, recent advances in research are tailored towards producing hydrogen as an alternative source of fuel which is aimed at fostering a globally sustainable and reliable energy-economy. In this work, hydrogen was produced from formic acid (FA) using a new technology that involves the use of copper nanoparticles (CuNPs) supported on triethanolamine. The CuNP-catalysts of variant concentrations (i.e. 0.6–1.2 M) were synthesized using the conventional chemical deposition method. Also, a novel approach that bothers on the application of the Differential Method of Analysis (DMA) was used in determining the kinetic parameters for the FA-dehydrogenation. Based on the results, the volume of H₂ produced varied with time, pH, concentration and catalyst-size. At 6 h, the 1 M CuNPs gave the highest volume (815 mL) of hydrogen with corresponding pH, particle size and approximate conversion of 3.19, 1.5 nm and 100% respectively, whereas, over extended periods i.e. over 6 h, the approximate volume-conversions of FA increased insignificantly for all catalysts. According to the investigation, the optimum CuNP-catalyst concentration required to produce 815 mL H₂ in 6 h is 1 M. The decomposition was a first-order-type with a rate constant (k-value) of 1.0041 s⁻¹.     

多杂波背景下用于低速弱目标检测的滤波器优化设计

该文提出了一种用于多杂波背景下的低速弱目标检测的脉间参差滤波器优化设计,该算法采用脉间滑动脉冲的方式进行参差MTI滤波器设计,并利用与梯度结合的遗传算法搜索最优的脉冲重复周期排布组合,使滤波器第一零点尽可能浅,可在有效抑制杂波和同频干扰的同时避免陷入其中的弱目标丢失,同时该滤波器可形成多个凹口以滤去多种杂波,并将盲速推到三倍音速以外。采用梯度遗传算法对脉冲重复周期进行搜索,由于该算法所需初始种群规模小,与标准遗传算法相比复杂度大大降低。仿真结果和性能分析验证了算法的可行性和有效性。     

运载火箭一级发动机自动归零技术研究

基于现役某型号运载火箭一级伺服回路的控制方案和原理,提出一种在发射场一级发动机挂齿后进行自动归零的方法.经发射场试验实际验证:一级发动机喷管在实施自动归零措施后可快速回零且不发生偏离,自动归零方案可行有效.