Design of regional flexibility markets for electricity: A product classification framework for and application to German pilot projects

With the growing role of distributed energy resources, the electricity network is challenged by numerous technical problems, such as capacity congestion and over- or under-voltage. An often-discussed response, especially in the European zonal electricity system, is to implement regional flexibility markets. We contribute to this discussion by providing a comprehensive classification framework for the design of flexibility products by combining technical requirements with classical auction theory. The framework structures 23 product parameters in four stages of abstraction. By applying the framework to five market approaches used in current German research projects, we demonstrate its usefulness for consistent comparison of flexibility products at a high level of detail. This framework can empower national and international policymakers and practitioners in assessing flexibility markets holistically, thereby facilitating the implementation of sound solutions.     

走向松弛的限定--浅议新开发城区的街道城市设计

该文讨论了城市街道复合的功能及其半独立存在和半被动构成两种特殊性质,并以开发状态为依据,将城市街道分为已开发城区街道和新开发城区街道两种类型,归纳分析了业已得到广泛应用的面向已开发城区街道的城市设计的典型模式,并指出此种典型模式在应用于新开发城区街道时,所遇到的设计过程困境和实施过程困境,然后,提出针对新开发城区街道的城市设计,应以强化规划设计弹性为导向进行规划思想和技术方法的双重革新,文章最后以余姚市南雷南路城市设计为例,介绍了以规划设计弹性为导向的新开发城区街道城市设计.     

基于弹性理念的物流园空间规划布局方法探讨

物流园的发展是一个动态过程,需具备一定弹性以适应市场的发展。柳州市河西物流园空间规划在空间布局上采用空间生成模型,在地块控制上采用弹性划分方式。同时,使用按需设计的单元设计思路,形成了"一心、两轴、两带、四片、多组团"的空间结构,通过规划各层面的策略对空间规划的实施进行督促和引导,促进规划弹性的实现。     

协调·弹性：新城主干道道路景观设计思考——以武汉市吴家山为例

道路景观设计以协调和弹性为原则,结合新城近远期规划,以实现新城道路弹性景观和协调城市风貌为目标,并从人性化角度分析道路交通安全通行问题。吴家山新城主干道具有距离长、道路绿化控制线宽以及现有的水资源丰富的特点。结合这些道路特点,从道路分段设计、路侧绿带设计、分车绿带设计和水网体系整合的方面来解决潜在交通问题并突显道路景观特色,同时起到净化水体、节约能源的作用。     

FRP加固混凝土梁的有限元分析

碳纤维复合材料(CFRP)加固混凝土结构是一种新型结构加固方法。在大比例模型试验的基础上,应用有限元程序对 T 型梁进行了加固分析,以研究 CFRP 布加固对混凝土梁抗弯能力及刚度的提高程度。分析结果表明,CFRP 布加固可应用于大型钢筋混凝土桥梁。     

2-D analysis of circular tunnel against earthquake loading

The use of underground structures such as tunnel for subways, highways, material storage, and sewage and water transport is increasing in developed countries. The safety of these facilities during operation in areas with seismic activities such as in Japan, Taiwan and Turkey in recent earthquakes has been questioned. Dynamic effects on these structures are in the form of deformations that they experience during earthquakes. In this paper, first latest methods on the subject are reviewed and then the interaction between the ground and tunnel lining during earthquake excitation is investigated by a finite difference computer program (CA2). Analysis show that a good agreement between analytical closed form and numerical solutions exist. According to the results obtained in this study some practical suggestion for using closed form solution are also given.     

基于环境激励下的柔度灵敏度损伤识别方法

随着社会的快速发展以及科学技术的不断进步,现代结构特别是基础建设方面的结构逐渐趋向于大型化、复杂化的方向发展。同样,在结构的使用阶段所经受的环境影响也越来越复杂,遇到的冲击也越来越强烈,如地震、强风及暴雨等等各种突发性的灾害,严重后果影响着结构的整体强度,也影响着结构的使用寿命,因此对于正在使用中的结构的损伤检测就显得尤为重要和紧迫。本文将讨论以环境激励下的利用柔度灵敏度的方法识别结构的损伤。     

Organizing a virtual manufacturing enterprise: an analytic network process based approach for enterprise flexibility

Virtual manufacturing is a dynamic enterprise structure that will enable future competitiveness in the fast changing business environment. This is made possible through quick IT based integration of flexible and core competent business entities capable of providing value-added product and services. Flexibility elements represent change capabilities of enterprise wide processes and resources in time and cost dimensions. Value chain considerations require synergy among the participating flexible resources. Also decision information synchronization delays need to be managed so that other entity flow processes in the enterprise remain well synchronized. This may require a capability of dynamic changes in flexible structures leading to effective virtual enterprises. There is a need to develop suitable enterprise architectures for virtual enterprises that offer an increasing focus on agility. Infrastructure support for integration of flexible capability to attain synergy among resources is necessary for enterprise agility. We conceptualize virtual manufacturing (VM) as an integrating infrastructure of flexible resources made possible through alliance of enterprises that are individually core competent in specific business function. Such a VM can attain the required cost, flexibility and responsiveness characteristics in its operations to provide solution to the demanding customer in a global dynamic market. Modelling frameworks depicting these composite flexibility states have complex and tacit interrelationship with plural business goals. Analytical network process (ANP) has been used to model the interrelationship of different decision domains with a view to prioritize enterprise wide flexibility dimensions. The ANP modelling framework takes into consideration the interdependency among sub-strategies. We demonstrate through sensitivity analysis that strategic shift is required to accommodate changes due to dynamic condition in the business environment.     

爆炸排淤填石法中淤泥的本构模型

以爆炸排淤填石法为背景 ,对不同应变率阶段淤泥的本构模型进行了分析 ,利用ANSYS/LS-DYNA动态有限元分析程序对所选择的模型进行验证和确认。计算和分析结果表明 :在形成爆炸空腔的高应变率阶段 ,淤泥表现为理想不可压缩流体的性质 ;在小药量小抵抗线条件下 ,甚至在淤泥自重作用下的较低应变率变形阶段 ,其黏性效应也可以忽略不计。