低合金高强钢针状铁素体组织特征和形成机理

针状铁素体是一种具有大角度晶界、高位错密度的板条状中温转变组织,该组织能有效细化晶粒并具有良好的强韧性匹配.因此,通常在低合金高强度钢焊缝和粗晶区中,利用细小的夹杂物来诱导针状铁素体形成,形成有效晶粒尺寸细小的针状铁素体联锁组织或者针状铁素体和贝氏体的复合组织,使其具有良好的韧性.然而,相关研究对针状铁素体组织的形成机理和控制原理的解释并不十分清楚,对于针状铁素体的定义和理解也存在差异.总结了针状铁素体的本质、相变、形核、形态、晶体学取向关系、长大行为、细化机理和力学性能等方面的特征,归纳了奥氏体晶粒尺寸、转变温度、冷却速度、夹杂物类型和尺寸等对针状铁素体形成的影响,提出了针状铁素体组织形态和转变机理方面几个仍需深入研究的问题和方向.     

Electrical Properties and Grain Growth Kinetics of PZN-based Ceramics Using Microwave Sintering

Effectiveness of microwave sintering process through investigation of microstructural characteristics and electricalrproperties of x（0.94PbZn1/3Nb2/3O3 ＋ 0.06BaTiO3 ） ＋ （1 - x）PbZryTi1-xO3 （PBZNZT） ceramics with x = 0.6 and y = 0.52 was evaluated. The relative density of 95% was achieved with sintering at 800℃for 2 h. The small grain growth exponents indicate how easy the grain growth in these materials sintered using microwave radiation. Grain growth rate increases abruptly and is higher than that of conventional sintering at a temperature higher than 1050℃. This is attributed to the lower activation energy and higher grain boundary mobility. The activation energy required for the grain growth is found to be 132kJ/mol. Higher remanent polarization （Pr = 50. ltLC/cm2） and increase in remanent polarization with sintering temperature are observed in microwave sintering process when compared to that of conventional sintering process, due to fast increase in grain growth rate and homogeneity in the specimen. The results indicate lower sintering energy and reduction of PbO pollution in the working environment by microwave sintering process.     

冷却速度对含钛高炉渣中钙钛矿相析出的影响

研究了冷却速度对攀钢含钛高炉渣熔体凝固过程中钙钛矿相晶体析出行为的影响、随着冷却速度的逐渐减小，钙钛矿相结晶量和晶粒度均随之增加，当冷却速度减小到0．5C／min时，钙钛矿相结晶量较多．枝晶得到明显粗化。同时也分析了钙钛矿晶体形貌特征和枝品粗化机理，为从钛渣中分离出钙钛矿相提供科学依据。     

Effective and Efficient Knowledge Base Refinement

This paper presents the STALKER knowledge base refinement system. Like its predecessor KRUST, STALKER proposes many alternative refinements to correct the classification of each wrongly classified example in the training set. However, there are two principal differences between KRUST and STALKER. Firstly, the range of misclassified examples handled by KRUST has been augmented by the introduction of inductive refinement operators. Secondly, STALKER's testing phase has been greatly speeded up by using a Truth Maintenance System (TMS). The resulting system is more effective than other refinement systems because it generates many alternative refinements. At the same time, STALKER is very efficient since KRUST's computationally expensive implementation and testing of refined knowledge bases has been replaced by a TMS-based simulator.     

乳化剂司本80（Span—80）合成工艺研究

本文通过对实验研究了Ｓｐａｎ－８０合成工艺,在以ＫＯＨ为催化剂,出梨醇与油酸摩尔比为１：１．１,温度１８０～１９０℃抽真空加热３小时并经过精制得到的Ｓｐａｎ－８０质量好,收率高。     

16Mn钢奥氏体动态再结晶及晶粒细化研究

研究了16Mn钢奥氏体动态再结晶、晶粒细化、晶率细化率及γ—α相变后铁素体晶粒大小与变形量ε、变形温度之间的关系。结果显示,奥氏体晶粒细化率和γ→α相变后铁素体晶粒大小都与变形量。之间存在指数函数关系;动态再结晶完成后,奥氏体晶粒平均直径与变形速率温度修正系数Z之间符合线性关系。     

A508c1.3钢动态再结晶晶粒长大模型的研究

本文采用热模拟与定量金相分析法研究了核电 A5 0 8c1.3钢的动态再结晶晶粒长大过程 ,结果表明 ,在变形后的高温停顿初始阶段 ,温度越高 ,动态再结晶晶粒长大速度越快。采用多元非线性回归分析得到了动态再结晶晶粒的长大模型 ,并通过高温锻造实验进行了验证     

On the role of plastic deformation during the mild wear of alumina

Polycrystalline -alumina was worn against Mg-partially stabilized zirconia (Mg-PSZ), using water lubrication, a sliding speed of 0.24 m/s and a load of 10 N. Differential wear between grains (maximum 33 nm) and fine (0.3–1.9 μm diameter) abrasive grooves were found on the worn surface. TEM of back-thinned samples indicated widespread dislocation flow at the surface, heterogeneously distributed between grains, and largely associated with abrasive grooves. Those grains standing proud of the surface invariably contained extensive dislocation damage. The dominant slip system was pyramidal ( , , and ) although occasional basal slip was also found. No prism slip was observed. The pyramidal slip planes were concentrated at angles of 6–33° to the worn surface. Basal slip was frequently associated with basal twinning on planes at 72–73° to the worn surface. Dislocation pile-ups at grain boundaries often coincided with grain boundary cracking. The extent of damage from abrasive grooves varied from grain to grain and was dictated by crystallographic orientation more than the grain height. No evidence of mechanical damage was found in those grains that had suffered the highest wear, indicating that material removal had been controlled by tribochemical mechanisms. The origin of the differential wear between grains is considered and the implications of the experimental observations on the time-dependent transition to severe wear in aluminas are discussed.     

Accurate structure determinations of very small (4–20 nm) areas, using refinement of dynamic electron diffraction data

It is shown that accurate structure refinements are possible from electron diffraction data obtained using areas 4–20 nm in diameter and 4–20 nm thick. To obtain accurate atomic positions it is essential to take the dynamic diffraction fully into account, for which new software was developed. Examples (La₃Ni₂B₂N₃, Ba₂Ca₃Cu₅O_10+δ and Ce₅Cu₁₉P₁₂) are given of the structure refinements of known and unknown structures with R -values in the range 2–6%. The procedure reported in this paper opens the way to structure determination of particles in many materials of industrial and scientific interest which cannot be solved by conventional structure determination (e.g. because of small size, heavily twinned materials or small fractions in polyphase materials).     

关于细化低合金钢铁素体晶粒的研究进展

回顾了近十年来低合金钢相变细化铁素体晶粒的进展。在无应变和有应变的条件下,给出了在相变过程中铁素体形核位置和密度的模型。探讨了晶内铁素体的形核机制;Ｖ－Ｎ钢中ＶＮ是优先生核的位置,更主要的是ＶＮ能抑制晶界铁素体的长大。追踪国际上获得超细晶组织的机理和方法,探讨了晶粒尺寸对屈服强度（σｓ）和冲击韧性转折温度（Ｔｃ）的作用,利用应变诱导动态相变机制获得超细晶组织。