株洲冶炼集团有限责任公司的技术研发前景

株冶在纪念建厂50周年之际,根据循环经济原则,制定宏伟的改造规划。通过引进先进的直接冶炼技术,对现有工艺进行更新换代改造,使铅、锌两个系统产生的渣料、烟灰、烟气在两个系统之间形成良性循环,实现铅锌资源互为利用、铅锌工艺联动,使资源的综合回收利用率由目前的72%提高到82%以上,步入世界先进水平,成为一个真正的具有时代意义的绿色环保冶金企业。     

Cleaning of waste smelter slags and recovery of valuable metals by pressure oxidative leaching

Huge quantities of slag, a waste solid product of pyrometallurgical operations by the metals industry are dumped continuously around the world, posing a potential environmental threat due to entrained values of base metals and sulfur. High temperature pressure oxidative acid leaching of nickel smelter slags was investigated as a process to facilitate slag cleaning and selective dissolution of base metals for economic recovery. Five key parameters, namely temperature, acid addition, oxygen overpressure, solids loading and particle size, were examined on the process performance. Base metal recoveries, acid and oxygen consumptions were accurately measured, and ferrous/ferric iron concentrations were also determined. A highly selective leaching of valuable metals with extractions of >99% for nickel and cobalt, >97% for copper, >91% for zinc and <2.2% for iron was successfully achieved for 20 wt.% acid addition and 25% solids loading at 200-300 kPa O(2) overpressure at 250 degrees C in 2h. The acid consumption was measured to be 38.5 kg H(2)SO(4)/t slag and the oxygen consumption was determined as 84 kg O(2)/t slag which is consistent with the estimated theoretical oxygen consumption. The as-produced residue containing less than 0.01% of base metals, hematite and virtually zero sulfidic sulfur seems to be suitable for safe disposal. The process seems to be able to claim economic recovery of base metals from slags and is reliable and feasible.     

关于我国电解铝工业竞争力的思考

根据对国外电解铝技术装备、技经指标、投资、成本的分析，提出了提高甸电解铝工业竞争力的建议。     

工业废料在国内外矿山充填中的应用

近年来，随着我国采矿业的发展，胶结充填技术得到日益广泛的应用，努力降低充填成本，成为目前研究的重要课题。本文简述了工业废料在国内外矿山充填中的应用现状，重点介绍了我国三座矿山成功地利用粉煤灰、赤泥及高炉水灌进行矿山充填的情况，并论述了其胶结性能以及对充填体强度的影响。     

从锰除尘灰中浸出锰的实验研究

介绍了锰系合金冶炼烟尘灰湿法浸出的原理及工艺条件.在一定的工艺条件下,以硫铁矿作为还原剂,用硫酸直接浸出Mn含量为28.95%的锰系合金冶炼烟尘灰,浸出率达93.22%.同时对此种烟尘灰进行了综合条件实验,该工艺具有能耗少,成本低,实用性强,锰回收率高等特点,为锰系合金冶炼烟尘灰的利用开辟了新的途径.     

Slow improvements of metal exposure, health- and breeding conditions of pied flycatchers (Ficedula hypoleuca) after decreased industrial heavy metal emissions

The environment around metal industries, such as smelters, is often highly contaminated due to continuous deposition of metals. We studied nest box breeding populations of pied flycatchers (Ficedula hypoleuca) in a well-studied pollution gradient from a sulfide ore smelter in Northern Sweden, after reduced aerial metal emissions (by 93-99%) from the smelter. The deposition of arsenic, cadmium, copper and zinc (based on moss samples) reflected the reduced emissions fairly well. However, nestling pied flycatchers had similar concentrations of these elements and mercury in tissues (bone, liver and blood) and feces in the 2000s, as in the 1980s, when the emissions were substantially higher. The exposure to high metal concentrations in the close vicinity of the smelter resulted in inhibited ALAD activities, depressed hemoglobin and hematocrit levels and increased mortality of nestlings. Our results indicate that in the highly contaminated environment around the smelter, nestlings reflected the slowly cycling soil pool, rather than the atmospheric deposition, and the concentration in soils plays an important role for the response of pied flycatchers to reduced atmospheric deposition.     

Comparison of mercury and zinc profiles in peat and lake sediment archives with historical changes in emissions from the Flin Flon metal smelter, Manitoba, Canada

The copper-zinc smelter at Flin Flon, Manitoba, was historically the largest single Hg point-source in Canada, as well as a major source of Zn. Although emissions were reported by industry to have declined significantly since the late 1980s, these reductions have never been independently verified. Here, the histories of Hg and Zn deposition over the past century or more were determined at five lake sediment and three peat study sites in the surrounding region. At sites spanning the range from heavy to minor pollution, lake sediment Hg and Zn concentration and flux profiles increased significantly in the early 1930s after the smelter opened. Two of the three peat archives were wholly or partially compromised by either physical disturbances or biogeochemical transitions which reduced their effectiveness as atmospheric metal deposition recorders. But the remaining peat records, including a detailed recent 20 yr record at a moderately polluted site, appeared to show that substantive reductions in metal levels had occurred after the late 1980s, coincident with the reported emission reductions. However, the lake sediment results, taken at face value, contradicted the peat results in that no major declines in metal concentrations or fluxes occurred over recent decades. Mercury and Zn fluxes have in fact increased substantially since 1988 in most lakes. We suggest that this discrepancy may be explained by catchment soil saturation by historically deposited metals which are now mobilizing and leaching into lakes, as has been reported from other smelter polluted systems in Canada, whereas the upper sections of the peat cores reflected recent declines in atmospheric deposition. However, further research including instrumented wet and dry deposition measurements and catchment/lake mass balance studies is recommended to test this hypothesis, and to provide definitive data on current atmospheric metal deposition rates in the area.     

Contamination of woody habitat soils around a former lead smelter in the North of France

The contamination of the topsoil of 262 woody habitats around a former lead smelter in the North of France was assessed. In this urbanized and industrialized area, these kinds of habitats comprise of hedges, groves, small woods, anthropogenic creations and one large forest. Except for the latter, which is 3 km away, these woody habitat soils often present a high anthropization degree (a significant amount of pebbles and stones related to human activities) with a high metal contamination. In the studied woody habitat topsoils, Cd, Pb and Zn concentrations largely exceeded those of agricultural topsoils located in the same environmental context. Therefore, atmospheric emissions from the smelter are not the only cause of the high contamination of the woody habitat soils. This last one is related to the nature and the contamination level of deposit in relation with human activities (rubbles, slag, soils, etc).With regard to the results obtained with chemical extractions, the mobility of Cd, Pb and Zn in these soils is also greater than in agricultural soils. In the forest, pollutant solubility is increased by soil acidic pH.The variability of the physico-chemical parameters and the high metal contamination of the topsoils are the main characteristics of the woody habitats located around the former smelter. Although never taken into account during risk assessment, the disturbance of these environmental components could have important biogeochemical impacts (nutrients and metal cycles). Moreover, any modification of the soils' use could potentially cause mobilization and transfer of the pollutants to the biosphere. Six years after the closure of the smelter, and as social and economic pressures considerably increase in this area, the study of these peculiar ecosystems is necessary to understand and predict the bioavailability, transfer, bioaccumulation and effects of pollutants in food chains.     

伊朗哈通阿巴德铜冶炼厂概况

简介伊朗哈通阿巴德铜冶炼厂设计、建设经历的3个阶段中设备提供、工艺概况、点火升温过程以及 试生产情况。     

Optimal adjustment of the number of air changes of a smelter pot room by using mathematical optimisation

The only large-scale, cost-effective way to exhaust contaminated air from the furnace pot room of an industrial plant is through natural ventilation. The effectiveness of the ventilation depends, amongst others, on the openings of the windows through which the air is allowed to enter and exit the workshop. The ventilation is also directly influenced by the prevailing weather outside the building. An appropriate measure that characterises the ventilation within the workshop is the number of air changes per hour, and ideally, it should be close to a prescribed value for all weather conditions. This requirement can be met by the appropriate adjustment of the opening angles of the inlet and outlet window slats. This paper reports on the feasibility of using mathematical optimisation to determine the ideal window slat angles for different prevailing wind conditions. The proposed optimisation methodology employs computational fluid dynamics software (FLUENT), coupled to a computationally economic optimisation algorithm (Dynamic-Q), to determine the optimal slat angles. Results of the successful application of the proposed optimisation procedure to an example problem of a large-scale aluminium smelter pot room are presented.A much abbreviated version of the paper was read at the WCSMO6 ISSMO Congress in Rio de Janeiro, May 2005