Dendrimer as nanocarrier for drug delivery

Dendrimers are novel three dimensional, hyperbranched globular nanopolymeric architectures. Attractive features like nanoscopic size, narrow polydispersity index, excellent control over molecular structure, availability of multiple functional groups at the periphery and cavities in the interior distinguish them amongst the available polymers. Applications of dendrimers in a large variety of fields have been explored. Drug delivery scientists are especially enthusiastic about possible utility of dendrimers as drug delivery tool. Terminal functionalities provide a platform for conjugation of the drug and targeting moieties. In addition, these peripheral functional groups can be employed to tailor-make the properties of dendrimers, enhancing their versatility. The present review highlights the contribution of dendrimers in the field of nanotechnology with intent to aid the researchers in exploring dendrimers in the field of drug delivery.     

HPLC法测定药物共晶中茶碱和对乙酰氨基酚的研究

建立了高效液相色谱法分离茶碱和对乙酰氨基酚双组分体系的最佳条件是:C18色谱柱(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm,120),以十八烷基键合硅胶为固定相;流动相为0.01 mol/L磷酸二氢钾溶液(用磷酸溶液调节pH至3.05)(A)-甲醇(B)(体积比为80∶20);检测波长为245 nm和270 nm;流速为1.0 mL/min;柱温为25℃;进样量为20μL。实验结果表明:对乙酰氨基酚回归方程为y=0.651 1x+6.610 4,R2=0.994 5;茶碱回归方程为y=0.939 2x-5.575 1,R2=0.998,他们的线性范围是5~500μg/mL。该方法为茶碱、对乙酰氨基酚双组分体系研究提供依据,为其溶解度的测定提供方法支撑,作为高效液相色谱分离方法,分析快速,灵敏度高,重现性好。     

Efficient loading and entrapment of tamoxifen in human serum albumin based nanoparticulate delivery system by a modified desolvation technique

Herein, the poorly water-soluble drug, Tamoxifen (Tmx), was loaded in the amphipathic matrix of human serum albumin (HSA) nanoparticles by a modified desolvation method. In order to enhance the drug loading (DL) and drug entrapment efficiency (DEE) (<2% and 10%, respectively), ultrasonication of Tmx-HSA mixture was performed prior to desolvation process. Tmx loading and entrapment efficiency were optimized by employment of the response surface methodology (RSM)-central composite design (CCD) of experiments. Under the optimum conditions of 1.59 mg Tmx/ml concentration, 7.76 pH and 5 h incubation of HSA-Tmx, the DL of 6.7% and DEE of 74% are achievable. Particles with the average size of 195 nm, zeta potential of −21 mV and polydispersity index of 0.09 were produced under these conditions. A more sustained Tmx release behavior was observed from polyethylene glycol (PEG) conjugated nanoparticles in comparison to the non-PEGylated ones. The short-term stability investigation showed no alteration in physicochemical properties of nanoparticles at 4 and 37 °C, but small increase in nanoparticles size was observed after three months of storage at room temperature. This is the first report for efficient production of a Tmx delivery system based on HSA nanoparticles.     

HPLC法同时测定化妆品中的12种防腐剂

建立了化妆品中12种常用防腐剂(甲基氯异噻唑啉酮、2-溴-2-硝基丙烷-1,3-二醇、甲基异噻唑啉酮、苯甲醇、苯氧乙醇、苯甲酸、4-羟基苯甲酸甲酯、4-羟基苯甲酸乙酯、4-羟基苯甲酸异丙酯、4-羟基苯甲酸丙酯、4-羟基苯甲酸异丁酯、4-羟基苯甲酸丁酯)的HPLC检测方法。采用Waters symmetry(250 mm×4.6 mm×5μm)色谱柱,流动相为乙腈-0.1%(体积分数)磷酸,梯度洗脱,柱温35℃,DAD检测器,以各物质的紫外光谱数据和保留时间定性。检测波长设定为:甲基氯异噻唑啉酮和甲基异噻唑啉酮在280 nm检测,其余成分在254 nm检测。结果发现,在所建立的方法下,12种防腐剂的分离度良好、线性范围广、准确度高。     

HPLC法检测酶法合成中还原型/氧化型谷胱甘肽

建立酶法反应中还原型/氧化型谷胱甘肽含量的液相分析方法。采用ZOABAX SB-C18进行分离,流动相为磷酸二氢钾辛烷磺酸钠溶液∶乙腈(920∶80,V/V),流速1.0 mL/min,检测波长210 nm,进样量20μL;采用外标法定量。还原型/氧化型谷胱甘肽在10~200μg/mL范围内线性关系良好,相关系数分别为0.9994(n=4)、0.9999(n=4),在S/N=3时最低检测限分别为0.037μg/mL、0.019μg/mL;在S/N=10时最低定量限分别为1.90μg/mL、1.12μg/mL;样品加标回收率分别为98.7%~100.6%、98.5%~101.4%;色谱系统稳定性RSD,GSH、GSSH分别为0.44%、1.16%。样品分析显示出本方法操作简便,快速,准确,灵敏度高,稳定性好,适合酶催化反应中还原型/氧化型谷胱甘肽的测定。     

高效液相色谱检测呋喃丹和甲萘威

对水样中呋喃丹和甲萘威的高效液相色谱标准检测方法进行了改进,水样使用0.45 mm滤膜过滤后直接进样200μL,以甲醇∶乙腈∶水=20∶20∶60为流动相,流量为1 mL/min,采取等梯度淋洗,荧光检测器激发波长为330 nm,吸收波长为465 nm。改进方法对呋喃丹和甲萘威的加标回收率分别为87.5%~98.6%、89.3%~105.2%,最低检出浓度分别为0.002 mg/L、0.001 mg/L,可用于水中呋喃丹和甲萘威的分析。     

离子交换-高效液相色谱法测定化妆品中6种水溶性功效成分

建立了一种同时测定化妆品中6种水溶性功效成分的分析方法。样品经水直接超声提取后经离子交换色谱柱Rezex ROA-Organic Acid H+(8%)(300×7.8 mm)分离,10 mmol/L硫酸水溶液作为流动相,流速为0.5 mL/min,二极管阵列检测器进行检测,检测波长分别254 nm和214 nm,外标法定量。在优化实验条件下,6种水溶性功效成分标准曲线线性关系良好,在空白化妆品中的加标回收率为87.3%~99.4%,相对标准偏差为2.8%~5.7%。     

食品安全检验中高效液相色谱法的应用现状

食品安全检验是社会普遍关注的焦点,本文主要介绍高效液相色谱法及高效液相色谱-质谱法联用的特点,并针对其在食品检验领域中的应用展开论述。     

柱前衍生-高效液相色谱法检测安立生坦的手性拆分剂L-脯氨酸甲酯

采用4-氯-7-硝基苯-2-（嗯）-1,3-二唑（NBD-Cl）作为柱前衍生试剂,建立了柱前衍生化-高效液相色谱法（HPLC）结合荧光检测器测定安立生坦合成过程中使用的手性拆分剂L-脯氨酸甲酯的方法.考察了衍生反应温度、时间、衍生试剂加入量、缓冲液pH对L-脯氨酸甲酯衍生反应的影响.结果表明,衍生反应优化条件为：反应温度60℃,反应时间60 min,衍生试剂加入量为每毫升反应体系中加入0.3 mg NBD-Cl,衍生反应缓冲液pH为9.0.同时对此方法进行了方法学验证,L-脯氨酸甲酯在0.625～7.5 μg/mL范围内线性关系良好,r=0.999 4;检测限为2.5×10-3μg/mL,定量限为7.5×10-3μg/mL;平均回收率为91.9％～ 106.4％;重复性实验中RSD为0.33％;此方法耐用性良好,L-脯氨酸甲酯样品溶液及衍生产物溶液体系稳定.此方法灵敏、简便、专属性强,能对安立生坦原料药中残留的杂质L-脯氨酸甲酯进行检测及定量分析.     

高效液相色谱串联质谱测定武夷岩茶中草甘膦残留量的方法探讨

采用高效液相色谱串联质谱建立了武夷岩茶样品中草甘膦的残留量的测定方法。样品经水固相萃取和茶叶专用萃取柱(TPT)净化后,在硼酸盐缓冲液中与9-芴甲基氯甲酸酯(FMOC-Cl)进行衍生化反应,以1%乙酸铵溶液和乙腈为流动相,质谱检测采用电喷雾正离子化模式和多反应监测模式。结果表明,草甘膦在1~10 ng/mL范围内线性良好,线性相关系数r=0.998。通过对空白武夷岩茶样品进行4个加标水平的添加回收实验(n=5),草甘膦的平均回收率和相对标准偏差(RSD)分别为87.3%~98.0%和3.46~5.12。