WC-17Co粉末密度对涂层力学性能及残余应力的影响

选取3种不同密度的WC-17Co粉末,采用超音速火焰喷涂法制备厚度为0.3 mm的涂层。通过扫描电镜观察分析了3种涂层的孔隙率,采用压痕法测量了涂层的努氏硬度与弹性模量,同时采用剥层法对不同密度粉末制备的WC-17Co涂层残余应力进行了测试与计算。结果表明,涂层孔隙率随WC-17Co粉末密度的增大而增大,涂层的努氏硬度、弹性模量均随WC-17Co粉末密度的增大而减小。WC-17Co涂层内部存在的残余应力表现为压应力,且应力值随涂层厚度的增大而增加,在临近涂层-基体界面处迅速减小。涂层残余压应力最大值随WC-17Co粉末密度的增大而增加：粉末密度为11.52、12.86、13.49 g·cm^-3所制备的涂层残余应力最大值分别为-798、 -986和-1120 MPa。     

超音速火焰喷涂WC-12Co、WC-10Co4Cr和Cr3C2-25NiCr涂层在不同介质中摩擦行为研究

为了研究硬面涂层在不同介质中的摩擦行为，以WC-12Co、WC-10Co4Cr和Cr3C2-25NiCr硬面材料为原料，采用超音速火焰喷涂制备得到了三种不同成分的硬面涂层。通过显微硬度计、摩擦磨损仪和扫描电镜等对涂层性能分析，结果表明，涂层中的孔隙率和粘结相的含量密切相关，当粘结相含量为12wt.%（Co）时，其孔隙度为1.11%；粘结相含量为14wt.%（CoCr）时，其孔隙度为0.98%；粘结相含量为25wt.%（NiCr）时，其孔隙度降低为0.92%。空气中，WC-10Co4Cr的硬度最高，其摩擦系数最小；Cr3C2-25NiCr的硬度最小，其摩擦系数最大。1mol/L HCl的环境中，NiCr的耐腐蚀性能最好，使Cr3C2-25NiCr涂层的摩擦系数稳定；而纯Co和CoCr的耐腐蚀性能较差，使WC-10Co4Cr和WC-12Co涂层的摩擦系数呈现出波浪状的变化规律。1mol/L NaOH的环境的摩擦过程中，硬质相的腐蚀会使涂层表面的硬度下降，使摩擦系数增加。     

纳米稀土对热喷涂WC-12Co涂层的改性作用

利用超音速火焰喷涂技术在45钢基体上制备了不同纳米稀土含量的WC-12Co涂层。通过物相分析并测定材料的显微硬度、结合强度、磨损性能,研究纳米稀土对WC-12Co涂层的改性作用。结果表明:适量纳米稀土的加入使WC-12Co涂层的显微硬度和结合强度显著提高,并且纳米稀土的加入有效地抑制了WC颗粒的脱碳,使组织细化。当纳米稀土含量在1.5wt%时,涂层的耐磨性最好。     

The Laser-assisted Cold Spray process and deposit characterisation

Laser-assisted Cold Spray (LCS) is a new coating and fabrication process which combines the supersonic powder beam found in Cold Spray (CS) with laser heating of the deposition zone. LCS combines some advantages of CS: solid-state deposition, high build rate and the ability to deposit metals onto a range of substrates, with reduced operating costs which arise from not using a gas heater and replacing helium with nitrogen as the process gas. A system has been developed to impact metallic powder particles onto a substrate which is locally heated using a diode laser. A pyrometer and control system are used to record and maintain impact site temperature. In this study, < 50 µm powder particles are measured to be traveling at around 400 ms^− 1, and heated to temperatures between 450 °C and 900 °C when they impact the substrates. Build rates of up to 45 g min^− 1 were achieved for deposits with less than 1% porosity. Oxygen and nitrogen content in the deposits were measured to be less than 0.6 wt.% and 0.03 wt.% respectively.     

High-velocity oxyfuel thermal spray coatings for biomedical applications

Plasma spraying is used to produce most commercially available bioceramic coatings for dental implants; however, these coatings still contain some inadequacies. Two types of coatings produced by the high- velocity oxyfuel (HVOF) combustion spray process using commercially available hydroxyapatite (HA) and fluorapatite (FA) powders sprayed onto titanium were characterized to determine whether this relatively new coating process can be applied to bioceramic coatings. Diffuse reflectance Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, x- ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to characterize the composition, microstructure, and morphology of the coatings. The XRD and FTIR techniques revealed an apatitic structure for both HA and FA coatings. However, XRD patterns indicated some loss in crystallinity of the coatings due to the spraying process. Results from FTIR showed a loss in the intensity of the OH^∼ and F^∼ groups due to HVOF spraying; the phosphate groups, however, were still present. Analysis by SEM showed a coating morphology similar to that obtained with plasma spraying, with complete coverage of the titanium substrate. Interfacial SEM studies revealed an excellent coating-to-substrate apposition. These results indicate that with further optimization the HVOF thermal spray process may offer another method for producing bioceramic coatings.     

Tribological properties of HVOF as-sprayed and heat treated Co–Mo–Cr–Si coatings

HVOF-sprayed Co–28%Mo–17%Cr–3%Si alloy tribological performance was tested in the as-sprayed condition and after thermal treatments at 200, 400, 600 °C for 1 h. As-sprayed coating possesses low hardness, undergoes adhesive wear against 100Cr6 steel and displays an high-friction coefficient causing relevant thermal effects. The 600 °C-heat treatment increases microhardness, thus preventing adhesive wear and reducing friction.     

Erosion-corrosion of candidate HVOF aluminium-based marine coatings

This paper describes gravimetric results of HVOF sprayed commercially pure Al and Al/12% Si eutectic alloy coatings obtained under erosion-corrosion conditions. The performance of these coatings are compared to a hot-dipped zinc coating. These coatings have been applied to AISI 1020 carbon steel substrates and tested in a free jet impingement rig with a variety of fluids and slurries to enable the erosion and corrosion contributions to the total erosion-corrosion removal of the surface to be determined. Tests have been conducted at 30° and 90° jet impingement angles at jet velocities of 3.5 m/s.Erosion damage mechanisms are identified and the erosion-corrosion mass loss results discussed in terms of the contributions made by erosion and corrosion. Zinc was found to suffer severely from flow corrosion, while the other targets did not. All target materials under sand erosion lose mass in a way directly proportional to kinetic energy, and inversely related to hardness. Corrosion losses are relatively small while the generation of solid products sometimes results in net weight gains. There are greater mass losses at nominally normal incidence than at nominally oblique incidence, due to particle interference effects. Synergy is found to be both positive and negative and appears to be angle dependent, but is difficult to determine precisely.     

HVOF coatings for heavy-wear, high-impact applications

The aircraft hookpoint used for an arrested landing is exposed to various forms of heavy wear and impact. Nowhere is this more true than training field landings, where the hookpoint is subjected to drag along a concrete runway for possibly thousands of feet while flying at high speeds and heavy downloads. After extensive screening, a series of materials were subjected to special impact tests and concrete wear tests. Ten coatings, applied by thermal spray, were selected for future arrestment testing on the basis of these results.     

Study of the influence of microstructural properties on the sliding-wear behavior of HVOF and HVAF sprayed WC-cermet coatings

The microstructural properties of WC-Co-Cr and WC-Co coatings deposited by high-velocity oxygen fuel (HVOF) and high-velocity air fuel (HVAF) processes were investigated. The tribological behavior of the coatings was studied by means of pin-on-disk tests. Microcracking of the HVOF sprayed WC-Co coatings did not allow preparation of suitable disks for wear tests. The wear rates of the remaining coatings were determined, and wear tracks on the coatings and counterbodies were investigated by SEM. The HVAF sprayed coatings showed greater sliding-wear resistance compared to the HVOF coatings. The prime wear mechanism in the WC-Co HVAF coatings was adhesive wear. The cobalt matrix is lubricious, resulting in very low wear rates and low debris generation. The main wear mechanisms in the WC-Co-Cr coatings were adhesive and abrasive wear. Adhesive wear results in coating material dislodgments (i.e., “pullouts”) that become trapped in the contact zone and act as a third-body abrasive. Particle pullout from the coating significantly increases the wear rate of the coated specimen. The HVAF/WC-Co-Cr coatings exhibited better resistance to particle pullout, resulting in a considerably lower wear rate than the HVOF/WC-Co-Cr coatings.     

超音速火焰喷涂枪的研究

利用理论分析与实验相结合的方法,在比较和借鉴国外相近喷枪的基础上,对喷枪结构参数进行了选择,对喷枪的实际性能进行了估算。将在此基础上设计出的喷枪进行点火试验,得到的实测值与估算值吻合得很好。这证明了喷枪的结构设计合理,性能的估算比较准确,从而为设计和改进喷枪结构,提高喷枪的性能提供了可靠的理论依据。