水泥-铁尾矿泡沫混凝土的性能研究

研究了铁尾矿掺量对水泥-铁尾矿泡沫混凝土的干体积密度和抗压强度的影响,以及孔结构对泡沫混凝土导热系数的影响.测试了泡沫混凝土的导热系数,用显微镜和图像分析软件分析了泡沫混凝土的气孔结构,建立泡沫混凝土的抗压强度与干体积密度的关系模型,分析导热系数随孔结构的变化规律.结果表明铁尾矿取代水泥后泡沫混凝土的抗压强度降低,且其影响程度随混凝土气孔率的增大而减小.泡沫混凝土的抗压强度与干体积密度呈对数关系,与铁尾矿掺量成指数关系.泡沫混凝土密度相同时,气孔孔径越大抗压强度越高.随着气孔孔径的增大,泡沫混凝土的导热系数逐渐增大;随着孔隙率的增大,泡沫混凝土的导热系数逐渐减小;当孔隙率一定时,气孔孔径越小导热系数越小.     

镍渣掺量对硅酸盐水泥物理力学性质的影响

以水淬镍渣为原料,经机械球磨、筛分、陈化等工艺对镍渣进行预处理;将预处理后的镍渣加入到硅酸盐水泥熟料中,经二次球磨后制备镍渣水泥,研究了镍渣的掺量对水泥基本性能的影响.结果表明:镍渣掺量对水硅酸盐水泥的物理力学性能有重要影响.当将预处理后的镍渣以0％～20％等量取代水泥熟料时,水泥的标准稠度用水量下降,凝结时间增长,体积安定性良好,强度有所降低,但主要指标均满足水泥基本性能的要求.当镍渣掺量为20％时,制备的水泥胶砂试块3d和28 d抗压强度分别为23.6 MPa和40.2 MPa,抗折强度分别为5.2 MPa和8.6 MPa.     

铜渣催化气化木屑的实验研究和热力学分析

以木屑为原料,在铜渣催化气化木屑的实验平台上研究了气化剂和载气对气体产物成分及热值的影响。根据实验结果,当水蒸气当量比为0.058时,焦油产率降低了约50%,氢气产率提高了63.04%,气化效率达75.03%。在优化的实验条件下基于能量平衡建立熔融铜渣催化气化木屑的热力学分析方法,得到铜渣、木屑及水蒸气之间的耦合关系,1250℃的熔融铜渣的余热高达1.773 MJ/kg,充分利用铜渣显热和潜热气化木屑产生的合成气热值可高达13319 kJ。在最优气化工况下,1 kg原料气化需要1.92 kg铜渣,热态铜渣催化气化木屑的能量利用率可达62.94%。     

掺粉煤灰对不同水泥品种钢渣混凝土基本力学性能试验研究

通过粉煤灰替代部分普通硅酸盐水泥和高抗硫水泥的试验,结果得出两种水泥配制钢渣混凝土抗压、抗折强度均随着粉煤灰掺量的增加呈递减趋势;但是当粉煤灰掺量一定时,两种水泥品种配制钢渣混凝土都表现出抗折、抗压强度随着龄期的增长而提高。在粉煤灰掺量相同情况下,两种水泥品种钢渣混凝土相同龄期的抗压强度均表现普通硅酸盐水泥钢渣混凝土高于高抗硫水泥钢渣混凝土;其抗折强度则大多表现出高抗硫水泥钢渣混凝土比普通硅酸盐水泥钢渣混凝土的高。     

Reliable high strength alumina fabricated by DCC-HVCI using submicron calcium citrate complex

Ceramics with high strength and reliability are highly demanded in engineering applications. In this paper, a modified direct coagulation casting via high valence counter ions (DCC-HVCI) method for alumina using calcium citrate complex assisted by glycerol diacetate was investigated. Calcium citrate complex suspensions were prepared by mixing tri-ammonium citrate and calcium chloride in water. Effect of reaction time on the chelating properties of the prepared suspensions was investigated. Concentrated alumina suspensions with a solid loading of 50 vol% were prepared by mixing the calcium citrate complex suspensions and alumina powder at pH of 10.5. Then the suspensions were coagulated by adding 3–6 vol% glycerol diacetate at temperatures of 40–70 °C for 2–6 h. The compressive strength of the coagulated wet samples is in the range 1.1–2.4 MPa. Alumina ceramics sintered at 1550 °C shows homogeneous microstructures with flexural strength and Weibull modulus of 455±17 MPa and 30, respectively.     

Oxidation behavior and high-temperature flexural property of CVD-SiC-coated PIP-C/SiC composites

Polymer infiltration pyrolysis (PIP) was used to prepare carbon fiber-reinforced silicon carbide (C/SiC) composites, and chemical vapor deposition (CVD) was employed to fabricate SiC coating. The oxidation behavior at 1700?°C and the flexural property at 1200?°C were tested. SiC coating exerted remarkable oxidation effects on PIP-C/SiC composites. In the absence of coating, PIP-C/SiC composites lost 29.2% of its mass, with merely 6.74% of the original flexural strength retained. In contrast, CVD-SiC coated PIP-C/SiC composites had the mass loss of 10.2% and the flexural strength retention ratio of 23.4%. In high-temperature tests, SiC coating played an important role in the flexural strength of PIP-C/SiC composites. The flexural strength of uncoated composites became 330.7?MPa, and that of coated ones reduced from 655.3 to 531.2?MPa.     

Boron removal from silicon by slag refining using Na2O-SiO2 in industrial applications

Boron (B) removal by slag refining using Na₂O-SiO₂ was investigated in industrial applications. The experimental results showed that the reasonable ratio range of slag to silicon is about 0.7–0.8; the suitable holding time is about 30 min; the concentration of B is reduced from 1.90 ppmw to 0.17 ppmw by three times slag re?ning; and the removal efficiency of B reaches 91.1%. Moreover, it is discussed that B in silicon is more inclined to be oxidized by Na₂O than SiO₂ according to thermodynamic analysis and then volatilized to the atmosphere in the form of Na₂B₂O₄ according to kinetic analysis.     

Effects of sintering in a high magnetic field on properties of vitrified bond and vitrified CBN composites

Vitrified bond CBN grinding wheels are being widely used due to their superior performance. Also, advantages of vitrified grinding wheels are high elastic modulus, stable chemical property, and low thermal expansion coefficient. Brittleness and low strength are key factors restricting the development of vitrified bond CBN grinding wheels. In this paper, the sintering in a high magnetic field was innovatively introduced into the manufacturing of vitrified bond CBN grinding wheels, and the effects of sintering in a high magnetic field on properties on vitrified bond and vitrified CBN composites were systematically investigated. Vitrified bond was characterized using three-point bending, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction. It was observed that microstructure of vitrified bond could be changed, grain orientation could be controlled and average grain size could be decreased in a high magnetic field, while vitrified bond strength could be simultaneously improved. High quality vitrified bond could be obtained by appropriately adjusting the strength and direction of high magnetic field. Results demonstrated that vitrified bond properties were improved when the magnetic field strength was 6?T. In order to highlight the high magnetic field effect on the vitrified CBN composites, the ordinary CBN abrasives and nickel plated CBN abrasives were used respectively. Microstructures, bending strengths of vitrified CBN composites were compared in different high magnetic fields. When the magnetic field strength was appropriate (less than 6?T), the binding characteristic of vitrified bond CBN composites with nickel plated CBN abrasives was greatly improved. The highest bending strength value of vitrified CBN composites was 79.5?MPa in 6?T high magnetic field.     

Properties of Oleogels Formed With High‐Stearic Soybean Oils and Sunflower Wax

In an effort to develop alternatives for harmful trans fats produced by partial hydrogenation of vegetable oils, oleogels of high‐stearic soybean (A6 and MM106) oils were prepared with sunflower wax (SW) as the oleogelator. Oleogels of high‐stearic oils did not have greater firmness when compared to regular soybean oil (SBO) at room temperature. However, the firmness of high‐stearic oil oleogels at 4 °C sharply increased due to the high content of stearic acid. High‐stearic acid SBO had more polar compounds than the regular SBO. Polar compounds in oil inversely affected the firmness of oleogels. Differential scanning calorimetry showed that wax crystals facilitated nucleation of solid fats of high‐stearic oils during cooling. Polar compounds did not affect the melting and crystallization behavior of wax. Solid fat content (SFC) showed that polar compounds in oil and wax interfered with crystallization of solid fats. Linear viscoelastic properties of 7% SW oleogels of three oils reflected well the SFC values while they did not correlate well with the firmness of oleogels. Phase‐contrast microscopy showed that the wax crystal morphology was slightly influenced by solid fats in the high‐steric SBO, A6.     

煤熔渣对镁铝尖晶石质耐火材料的侵蚀机制

为了实现水煤浆气化炉炉衬材料的无铬化,研究开发合适的耐火材料代替水煤浆气化炉用高铬砖,以尖晶石骨料及细粉、α-Al_2O_3微粉和轻烧Mg O微粉为原料,于1 600℃保温5 h烧成,制备了φ50 mm×40 mm、内孔为φ25 mm×25 mm的镁铝尖晶石质坩埚试样。采用静态坩埚法,借助XRD、SEM+EDS研究了高温煤熔渣对试样的侵蚀行为。结果表明:1)侵蚀后的镁铝尖晶石材料结构疏松,出现较明显的裂纹,煤熔渣完全渗入试样内部。2)经煤熔渣侵蚀后的镁铝尖晶石材料,物相组成发生变化,除原有的镁铝尖晶石外,还有新物相镁铁铝复合尖晶石相存在。3)煤熔渣对镁铝尖晶石材料的侵蚀机制是物理渗透为主,化学熔蚀为辅。