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11.
This paper explores the impacts of essential elements of management on IT application maturity (ITAM). A game theoretical model is established to show that a firm's IT application maturity should match with its essential elements of management. In order to further validate the analytical result, a data set with 137 firms was collected via a survey instrument. Using reliability and factor analysis on the dataset, a four-dimension measurement construct of IT application maturity is proposed together with a three-dimension measurement construct of essential elements of management. Empirical analysis is then conducted to address research questions on the impacts of essential elements of management on IT application maturity. It is found that while a firm's strategic cooperation capability has no significant effect on IT application maturity, its internal coordination capability positively influences all four dimensions of IT application maturity. For the firm's execution capability, although it shows no significant effect on the overall IT application maturity, it does positively affect the technology and man-machine synergy dimensions of IT application maturity. The findings of this study offer practical guidance for organizations to better align their IT application maturity with essential elements of management.  相似文献   
12.
随着社会的进步与发展,商品包装已渗透到人们生活的各个领域。人们消费意识和审美意识不断提高的普遍性,给包装设计师提出了更高的要求。本文就商品包装的图形、色彩、文字等视觉语言要素设计,如何做到整体性、统一性及和谐美,进行了全面的分析与论述。结论:只有遵循形式美法则规律,保持统一的和谐整体关系,才能达到对包装设计的视觉语言更完美有效地表达。  相似文献   
13.
The evolution and maintenance of large-scale software systems requires first an understanding of its architecture before delving into lower-level details. Tools facilitating the architecture comprehension tasks by visualization provide different sets of configurable, graphical elements to present information to their users. We conducted a controlled experiment that exemplifies the critical role of such graphical elements when aiming at understanding the architecture. In our setting, a different configuration of graphical elements had significant influence on program comprehension tasks. In particular, a 63% gain in effectiveness in architectural analysis tasks was achieved simply by changing the configuration of the graphical elements of the same tool. Based on the results, we claim that significant effort should be spent on the configuration of architecture visualization tools and that configurability should be a requirement for such tools.
Matthias Naab (Corresponding author)Email:

Jens Knodel   is a scientist at the Fraunhofer Institute for Experimental Software Engineering (IESE) in Kaiserslautern, Germany. As an applied researcher in the department “Product Line Architectures” he works in several industrial and research projects in the context of product line engineering and software architectures. His main research interests are architecture compliance checking, software evolution, and architecture reconstruction. Jens Knodel is the architect of the Fraunhofer SAVE tool (the acronym SAVE stands for Software Architecture Evaluation and Visualization). Dirk Muthig   heads the division “Software Development” at the Fraunhofer Institute for Experimental Software Engineering (IESE). He has been involved in the definition, development, and transfer of Fraunhofer PuLSE (Product Line Software Engineering) methodology since 1997. Further, he leads the research and technology transfer in the area of “Software and Systems Architecture”. He received a diploma in computer science, as well as a Ph.D., from the Technical University of Kaiserslautern. Matthias Naab   is an engineer at the Fraunhofer Institute for Experimental Software Engineering (IESE). He works in the areas of software- and system architectures and product lines. In several industry projects, he was involved in architecture evaluations of large-scale information systems from different industries and customers. To the Fraunhofer SAVE tool, he contributed the visualization component. Matthias Naab received a diploma in computer science from the Technical University of Kaiserslautern in 2005.   相似文献   
14.
Summary In this paper, we investigate the discretization of an elliptic boundary value problem in 3D by means of the hp-version of the finite element method using a mesh of tetrahedrons. We present several bases based on integrated Jacobi polynomials in which the element stiffness matrix has nonzero entries, where p denotes the polynomial degree. The proof of the sparsity requires the assistance of computer algebra software. Several numerical experiments show the efficiency of the proposed bases for higher polynomial degrees p.   相似文献   
15.
The application of the fractional step projection method recently proposed by Guermond and Quartapelle to the numerical approximation of unsteady Navier–Stokes solutions by means of a spectral/p element method is considered. In particular we illustrate the second-order pressure correction technique and evaluate its accuracy properties in some test cases. Stability with respect to the compatibility condition between the approximation spaces for velocity and pressure is also addressed. The high (spectral) accuracy in space and the second-order accuracy in time are verified by two simple test cases with analytical solution. A more interesting problem is solved showing the ability of the method to produce very accurate results also for problems in complex geometries.  相似文献   
16.
组织单位即组织性词块在话语组织中起着重要作用.通过COLSEC和BNC的对比研究,观察我国大学生英语口语组织单位的使用情况,结果表明大学生在口语中更常使用一小部分的组织单位,并且在单位词块内,学习者比本族语者更多重复使用了某些组织单位等现象.这些不同可能主要受母语迁移和外语焦虑等因素的影响.  相似文献   
17.
Trace elements including REE (Rare Earth Elements) in fluid inclusions in Iherzolite, olivine, orthopyroxene, and clinopyroxene have been determined by heating-decrepitation and ICP-MS (Element Type Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry) method. Normalized CO2 fluid/chondrite data show that mantle fluids are rich in REEs, especially LREEs (Light Rare Earth Elements), several times or dozen times higher than mantle rocks and mantle minerals. There are close relationships among the REE data of olivine, orthopyroxene, clinopyroxene and 1herzolite. Compared to the data of chemical dissolution method, it is believed that REE data obtained from heating-decrepitation and ICP-MS technique are contributed by CO2 fluid inclusions. About 60% (mass fraction) of tiny inclusions are observed not to be decrepitated above 1000℃, so REE data obtained are only contributed by decrepitated inclusions. Mantle fluids rich in LREE play an important role in mantle metasomatism, partial melting and mineralization.  相似文献   
18.
采用了电缆材料绿色化的两大指标———毒性和有害元素含量的两种检测方法,即细胞毒性试验和电感耦合等离子体发射光谱仪法,认为这两种方法具有简便、精确、快速和省钱等优点,文中也提供了某电缆阻水膏和某种电缆护套料分别进行毒性试验和有害元素检测和分析。  相似文献   
19.
Identification and Validation of a Discrete Element Model for Concrete   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
The use of a three-dimensional discrete element method (DEM) is proposed to study concrete structures submitted to dynamic loading. The aim of this paper is to validate the model first in the quasistatic domain, and second in dynamic compression, at the sample scale. A particular growing technique is used to set a densely packed assembly of arbitrarily sized spherical particles interacting together, representing concrete. An important difference from classical DEMs where only contact interactions are considered, is the use of an interaction range. First, the correct identification of parameters of the DEM model to simulate elastic and nonlinear deformation including damage and rupture is made through quasistatic uniaxial compression and tension tests. The influence of the packing is shown. The model produces a quantitative match of strength and deformation characteristics of concrete in terms of Young’s modulus, Poisson’s coefficient, and compressive and tensile strengths. Then, its validity is extended through dynamic tests. The simulations exhibit complex macroscopic behaviors of concrete, such as strain softening, fractures that arise from extensive microcracking throughout the assembly, and strain rate dependency.  相似文献   
20.
LnCl_3·nH_2O和丙氨酸在水相介质中按物质的量比为1∶1和1∶3混合,制得6个新的氯化稀土与丙氨酸的配合物,通式为LnCl_3·L·6H_2O和LnCl_3·3L·nH_2O(Ln为Nd,Dy,Yb;L为丙氨酸)。通过化学分析、元素分析、红外光谱、热重分析及X光粉末衍射等方法对这些配合物进行了物理化学性质及结构表征。  相似文献   
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