Engineering an Earth‐Abundant Element‐Based Bifunctional Electrocatalyst for Highly Efficient and Durable Overall Water Splitting

The simultaneous and efficient evolution of hydrogen and oxygen with earth‐abundant, highly active, and robust bifunctional electrocatalysts is a significant concern in water splitting. Herein, non‐noble metal‐based Ni–Co–S bifunctional catalysts with tunable stoichiometry and morphology are realized. The engineering of electronic structure and subsequent morphological design synergistically contributes to significantly elevated electrocatalytic performance. Stable overpotentials (η₁₀) of 243 mV (vs reversible hydrogen electrode) for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and 80 mV for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), as well as Tafel slopes of 54.9 mV dec^?1 for OER and 58.5 mV dec^?1 for HER, are demonstrated. In addition, density functional theory calculations are performed to determine the optimal electronic structure via the electron density differences to verify the enhanced OER activity is related to the Co top site on the (110) surface. Moreover, the tandem bifunctional NiCo₂S₄ exhibit a required voltage of 1.58 V (J = 10 mA cm^?2) for simultaneous OER and HER, and no obvious performance decay is observed after 72 h. When integrated with a GaAs solar cell, the resulting photoassisted water splitting electrolyzer shows a certified solar‐to‐hydrogen efficiency of up to 18.01%, further demonstrating the feasibility of engineering protocols and the promising potential of bifunctional NiCo₂S₄ for large‐scale overall water splitting.     

Efficient and flexible Focused Ion Beam micromachining of Solid Immersion Lenses in various bulk semiconductor materials – An adaptive calibration algorithm

Focused Ion Beam (FIB) micromachining of Solid Immersion Lenses (SILs) in substrate material offers optical analysis solutions for current and future technologies without the limitations of external SIL systems. This work presents an efficient single iteration calibration algorithm. This algorithm enables the implementation of FIB created SILs using a variety of substrate materials, process chemistries and most importantly different SIL shapes to match sample thicknesses. The successful application on silicon and silicon carbide is presented by creating a 50 μm wide refractive lens segment with a radius of curvature of 60 μm. Laser scanning microscope images of a silicon sample demonstrate the optical benefit with a measured resolution of 274 nm.     

高功率微波在先进陶瓷处理中的应用

介绍了国内外近十年来高功率微波（波长１２２～３ｍｍ）在先进陶瓷（包括结构陶瓷、电子陶瓷、涂层）处理方面应用的最新进展，特别是在微波烧结和微波退火方面。     

Cr、Co、Mn磁性对ZnO压敏特性影响的机理研究

研究了不同浓度Cr、Co和Mn的掺杂对ZnO-PbO-B2O3陶瓷压敏特性的影响.实验表明,ZnO平均晶粒尺寸随各元素掺杂量增加而逐渐变大,压敏电压也随之升高,非线性系数随各元素掺杂量增加而先增大后减小,漏电流先减小后增大.分析认为,过渡族金属元素掺杂对ZnO压敏材料电性能的影响不仅与电子的能级有关,与其自旋特性也紧密相连.ZnO中掺杂的Cr、Mn、Co元素随机取代其中的部分Zn原子后,Cr2+、Mn2+、Co2+在ZnO中产生局域磁矩,会对与其取向不同的自旋电子产生强的散射,这样可增大ZnO陶瓷电阻率和提高其非线性特性.     

深层发酵灵芝生物工程技术与产品研究

研究了深层发酵灵芝（Ｇａｎｏｄｅｒｍａ　Ｌｕｃｉｄｕｍ）工艺条件;基质中强化锌（Ｚｎ）、硒（Ｓｅ）和测试中试菌种质量指标、最佳发酵条件：温度２８℃±１℃、时间７２ｈ、基质ＷＧ、ｐＨ值（最终）３．８左右、锌（Ｚｎ）、硒（Ｓｅ）。加入量分别为８ｍｇ／Ｌ、４ｍｇ／Ｌ     

VLSI circuit reconstruction from mask topology

This paper discusses whether and how parasitic circuit elements must be included in the circuit simulator source file to obtain reliable simulation results. In particular, attention is paid to fabrication tolerances, wire capacitance (including fringing effects), wire resistance (dispersive line effects), coupling capacitances and capacitances associated with contacts and the aspect ratio of (non-rectangular) transistors.     

Generation of mm- and Sub mm-wave Bessel Beams Using DOE’s Designed by BOR-FDTD Method and MGA

A new way for generating Bessel beams at mm and sub mm-wavelengths is presented in this paper, in which diffractive optical elements (DOE’s) are designed for converting incident Gaussian beams into Bessel beams. In order to reduce the computational burden and therefore improve the design efficiency, two measures are adopted in our design. One is a body-of-revolution finite-difference time-domain (BOR-FDTD) method that uses a two-dimensional (2-D) solution space instead of a full 3-D space and thereby saves tremendous computational resources, and that is utilized to calculate the fields diffracted by the DOE’s. The other is a microgenetic algorithm (MGA) that has been proved to be more effective than the conventional GA, and that is employed for accelerative optimization. The utility of the present design tool, which combines a MGA with a BOR-FDTD method, is demonstrated by three examples. Numerical simulation results indicate that the designed DOE’s can not only flexibly generate zero- or higher- order Bessel beams when compared with axicons, but also have higher diffraction efficiencies when compared with amplitude holograms. An erratum to this article can be found at     

电镜能谱仪中过渡金属元素的化学价态分析

本文利用电子探针－能谱仪（ EPMA-EDS）对试样微米区域内过渡金属元素的化学价态进行了分析。研究结果表明,过渡金属元素的化学价态可以通过特征X射线Lα／Kβ强度比值结果进行区分,但试样形状、组成成分和化学结构等都可能影响化学价态的判断。此外,本文结合电子－离子碰撞的相关理论对实验结果进行了合理的解释,并将此方法应用到未知样品元素价态的判断中。研究结果对样品内部过渡金属元素化学价态的判断具有重要参考价值。     

DETERMINATION OF METALS IN BREWING MATERIALS BY FLAMELESS ATOMIC ABSORPTION SPECTROSCOPY

The use of a flameless atomic absorption technique is described for the estimation of metals in malt, hops, wort and beer. The method was found to be satisfactory for the direct determination of Mn, Mg, Ca, Fe, Zn, Cu and Al. Ni, Co and Pb were determined by the addition of internal standards. A balance sheet for ten metals through the brewing process is presented.     

基于BP 神经网络的能见度估测研究

利用安徽省高速公路能见度观测站网的分钟能见度及温湿风资料, 在全面分析能见度与各个气象要素相关 性的基础上, 重点探讨了高速公路能见度的短时预测模型。应用 BP 神经网络, 以湿度、温度、平均风速、瞬时风速、 极大风速作为 BP 神经网络输入层, 输出层为能见度, 结果表明整体试验数据偏差在可接受范围内。采用顺序试验样 本时, 相对误差在 20% 以内的占总试验次数的 68.6%; 在随机样本各次试验中, BP 网络模拟输出与检验样本的相关性 较好, 相关系数在 0.6∼0.8 之间; 低能见度随机样本试验结果表明, 模型输出值与样本值均方根误差集中在 700∼850 m 之间, 变化幅度不大, 说明神经网络算法具有较高的稳定性。