两种合金在氯化物熔盐中腐蚀行为研究

氯化物熔盐是太阳能热发电储热系统具有前景的储热介质,但其对金属材料具有很强的腐蚀性。研究了太阳能热发电系统两种常用材料316L不锈钢和Inconel 625合金在900℃的NaCl、KCl、MgCl2和CaCl2熔盐中的腐蚀行为,采用XRD、带有能谱分析系统的扫描电镜分析了腐蚀产物的相组成和形貌。研究结果表明:两种材料在氯化物熔盐中均腐蚀严重,但在碱土金属氯化物熔盐(MgCl2、CaCl2)中的腐蚀程度要比它们在碱金属氯化物熔盐(NaCl、KCl)中严重得多。与Inconel 625合金相比,316L不锈钢在同种氯化物熔盐中的腐蚀速度较快。造成这种现象的原因是316L不锈钢表面的腐蚀产物FeCr2O4和Fe3O4比Inconel 625合金表面的腐蚀产物更易在氯化物熔盐中溶解。研究结果将有助于太阳能热发电系统的选材和发展腐蚀防护技术。     

Q690高强板在液压支架中的焊接工艺研究及应用

为了进一步满足煤矿产业的生产需求,保证煤矿综采工作面的安全性以及稳定性,提高液压支架的生产适应性对于液压支架生产研究与制造是一个关键性的问题。现阶段,为提高液压支架的承载能力及适应能力,Q690低合金高强度合金板在液压支架的生产制造中得到了广泛的应用,但由于该材料在焊接工艺中具有一定的淬裂倾向,因而在焊接方法选择、焊接材料选择、焊接工艺参数设置等方面需进行严格控制。本文将具体分析Q690高强板的焊接性能,并基于现阶段Q690高强板焊接工艺的研究现状,结合自身的工作经验,提出保证Q690高强板焊接接头完好的工艺技巧。     

Investigation on Some Machinability Aspects of Inconel 825 During Dry Turning

In the current study, attempt has been made to investigate the influence of cutting speed (Vc) (51, 84, and 124 m/min) on various machining characteristics like chip morphology, chip thickness ratio, tool wear, surface, and sub-surface integrity during dry turning of Inconel 825. Comparable study was carried out using uncoated and commercially available chemical vapor deposition multilayer coated (TiN/TiCN/Al₂O₃/ZrCN) cemented carbide (ISO P30 grade) insert. Chip morphology consists of chip forms obtained at different cutting conditions. Serrated chips were observed when machining Inconel 825 with both types of tool with more serration in case of uncoated insert. The chip thickness ratio increased as cutting speed was increased. Use of multilayer coated tool also resulted in increase in chip thickness ratio. Rake and flank surfaces were examined with scanning electron microscope and optical microscope. Abrasion, adhesion, and diffusion wears were found to be dominating tool wear mechanism during dry machining of Inconel 825. The beneficial effect of coated tool over its uncoated counterpart was most prominent during machining at high cutting speed (Vc = 124 m/min). The surface and sub-surface integrity obtained with coated tool were superior to that while machining Inconel 825 with uncoated tool.     

Fundamental Turning Characteristics of Inconel 718 by Applying Ultrasonic Elliptical Vibration on the Base Plane

Inconel 718, a nickel-based superalloy, exhibits desirable properties over a wide temperature range, and it is widely used in industry. However, Inconel 718 is typically difficult to cut because of its strong work hardening, high temperature tensile strength, and shear strength. To improve the machinability of Inconel 718, this study proposes ultrasonic turning by applying elliptical vibration to the base plane. The principle and features of the ultrasonic elliptical vibration are discussed in detail. Experiments were conducted on a commercial ultrasonic cutting unit installed onto a commercial numerical control (NC) lathe; the cutting forces were found to be lower in the new method than in conventional turning (CT). Microchip particles were observed on both chip and work surface in CT but were almost absent on the surfaces prepared by ultrasonic elliptical vibration assisted turning (UEVT). Furthermore, the cutting tool used in CT developed built-up edge (BUE), and its flank wear became heavier; in contrast, negligible BUE and less flank wear were found on the cutting tool used in UEVT. The theoretical surface roughness of UEVT was calculated and it agreed much well with the measured surface roughness.     

表面状态对690TT合金腐蚀及应力腐蚀行为的影响

采用扫描电镜、原子力显微镜和表而粗糙度测量仪对具有不同表面状态的690TT合金表面形貌进行了表征与比较。采用零电荷电位测量、动电位扫描和电化学快慢扫描等方法对不同的690TT合金的腐蚀行为进行了比较。结果表明,与机械抛光样品相比较,打磨样品表面起伏较严重,拥有更大的表面粗糙度值;在相同的腐蚀环境中,打磨样品比机械抛光样品表现出更大的腐蚀速度和更高的应力腐蚀开裂敏感性。分析认为,单纯的表面较大粗糙度和残余应变均能够促进690TT合金的腐蚀。实验中打磨690TT样品表现出的较高腐蚀速度和应力腐蚀开裂敏感性是由其较大的表面粗糙度和表面残余应变综合影响结果。     

Inconel718与硬质合金摩擦磨损特性的实验研究

利用UMT-2多功能摩擦磨损试验机对镍基合金Inconel 718与硬质合金刀具对偶时的摩擦磨损特性进行研究,揭示法向载荷和滑动速度对摩擦副摩擦因数的影响,通过SEM观察试样摩擦形貌并分析磨损机制.研究结果表明:摩擦副的摩擦因数随着法向载荷的增大而减小,随滑动速度的增大而增大;Inconel 718镍基合金与硬质合金对偶时的磨损机制主要为黏着磨损、磨粒磨损和氧化磨损.     

Q690材料应用于液压支架中的焊接工艺

根据对Q690材料在焊接液压支架结构件时的加工经验,通过Q690材料的特点简单介绍了Q690材料的焊接工艺。相比于其他材料,低合金钢在焊接中应注意焊前预热、焊后保温及探伤,并提出气温和天气对焊接的影响。为Q690材料的应用提供参考。     

EH690高强钢焊管焊接工艺及质量控制

为了获得性能优良的海洋工程用EH690焊管焊接接头,开展了EH690高强钢焊接工艺研究,针对EH690焊管进行了气体保护焊和埋弧焊组合工艺的焊接工艺评定试验,对焊接接头进行了无损检测和力学性能试验,并提出了相应的生产过程质量控制措施。结果表明,采取预热、控制层间温度、后热和保温缓冷、合理匹配焊材、低热输入焊接参数等焊管生产过程严格的质量控制措施,可获得性能优良的焊接接头。该工艺和质量控制措施已在铺管船和起重机臂架用焊管的批量生产中得到应用,可满足焊接结构的使用安全要求。     

Studies on the oxidation behavior of Inconel 625 between 873 and 1523 K

The oxidation behavior of Inconel 625 during the early stages (<150 min) has been studied at oxygen pressures (P_{O 2}) of 0.12 kPa (0.9 torr) and 101.3 kPa (760 torr) in the temperature range of 1323 K to 1523 K by using TGA and between 873 and 1523 K by using XPS, AES, and EDS. The TGA results correlated well with those obtained by surface analysis of the oxide films. The results of XPS and AES analysis suggested that two distinctly different oxidation mechanisms operate, depending on the temperature of oxidation. Enrichment of the oxide films with respect to Cr₂O₃ occurs above 873 K, the degree of enrichment peaking at about 1200 K such that the oxide films formed at temperatures close to this consist almost exclusively of Cr₂O₃. At temperatures above 1300 K, the oxides of two minor alloying components, Nb and Ti, have been found to be present in the oxide films in significant proportions. The results have been discussed on the basis of the relative thermodynamic stabilities of the competing oxide phases and the diffusivities of the alloying elements in Inconel 625.     

Thermal cycling of transition joints between modified 9Cr–1Mo steel and Alloy 800 for steam generator application

The effect of accelerated thermal cycling on a joint between modified 9Cr–1Mo steel (Grade 91) and Alloy 800 welded with Inconel¹ 82 and 182 filler material is discussed. This is part of a trimetallic transition joint involving Grade 91–Alloy 800–316LN austenitic stainless steel for steam generator application. It has been shown that, during thermal cycling following the typical post-weld tempering treatment at 760 °C for 2 h, no carbon diffusion occurs from the ferritic steel towards the weld metal. There is, in fact, a hardness increase at the ferritic steel/weld metal interface which is probably a result of work hardening. Carbon migration sets in only after unusually long post-weld heat treatments for 20 and 50 h at 760 °C followed by thermal cycling. Significantly, even under the most severe thermal cycling test conditions imposed, no cracking or oxide notching could be detected, thus demonstrating the superior performance potential of modified 9Cr–1Mo steel as part of a trimetallic configuration.