Modelling titania formation at typical industrial process conditions: effect of surface shielding and surface energy on relevant growth mechanisms

This work investigates the effects of reduced accessible surface area of aggregate particles and of surface energy on relevant particle formation and growth mechanisms during titania formation from the vapour phase at industrial process conditions. Growth due to surface reaction and due to condensation is related to the fraction of the surface area that is exposed to the collision with single molecules. Surface shielding is found to hamper surface reaction and condensation once fractal aggregates start to form. It leads to significantly retarded precursor consumption and produces aggregate particles, which consist of more, but smaller primary particles. Surface energy data are varied within a range as proposed by available literature data. Moderate and high surface energy values result in a thermodynamic barrier to the formation of new particles and are shown to reduce the formation of seed particles by several orders of magnitude. This leads to the formation of aggregate particles which consist of a rather small number of primary particles and mainly grow by surface reaction. The primary contribution of condensation to growth of individual primary particles is shown to be very little. However, condensation should not be neglected as it has a strong impact on particle formation rates and hence on product characteristics such as the number of primary particles and primary particle size.     

表面复合强化对疲劳性能的影响

就汽车变速箱内齿轮表面不同渗碳强化工艺,及其渗碳后强力喷丸复合工艺,对接触疲劳,弯曲疲劳和小能量多次冲击疲劳性有的影响,进行了试验研究,结果表明,渗碳后强力喷丸一面复合强化可使疲劳性能得到显著改善;高浓度渗碳提高次表层强度和增加有效层深,是接触疲劳性能提高的原因之一,而强力喷丸对表面层强度的提高和引入残余压应力,中有效地弥补大量残余奥氏体所造成的不利影响,在高应力条件下,复合强化效果受到影响。     

Preparation of Diamond-like Carbon Films on the Surface of Ti Alloy by Electro-deposition

In this paper, diamond-like carbon (DLC) films were deposited on Ti alloy by electro-deposition. DLC films were brown andcomposed of the compact grains whose diameter was about 400 nm. Examined by XPS, the main composition of the filmswas carbon. In the Raman spectrum, there were a broad peak at 1350 cm~(-1) and a broad peak at 1600 cm~(-1), which indicatedthat the films were DLC films.     

Improvement of adhesion of fucoidan on polyethylene terephthalate surface using gas plasma treatments

Attachment of polysaccharide fucoidan to the polyethylene terephthalate (PET) polymer surface was studied by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Fucoidan has antithrombogenic and anticoagulant properties and is therefore a promising coating for vascular graft implants for improving their hemocompatibility. Samples of PET polymer were first modified by nitrogen plasma treatment in order to change the surface wettability and to introduce amino groups to the surface, which act as a linker for further binding of fucoidan. Plasma treated samples were then incubated for 30 min in fucoidan solution. The presence of fucoidan layer on the polymer surface was demonstrated by appearance of S2p signal in the XPS spectra of the coated PET samples. The procedure for immobilization of fucoidan on PET surface was optimized by varying pH value of fucoidan solution from 5 to 7.4. The best results were obtained when using lower pH value pH = 5. At these conditions the thickness of the fucoidan coating was estimated to about 7 nm.     

A new numerical analysis for a semi-circular surface crack

This note is concerned with a surface semi-circular crack by using the fracture analysis software FRANC3D developed by a fracture mechanics investigation group of Cornell University. Attention is specifically paid to the effect of the boundaries parallel to the crack on the stress intensity factors (SIFs).     

低能斜入射离子束诱导单晶硅纳米结构与光学性能研究

为了研究低能Ar+离子束在不同入射角度下对单晶硅表面的刻蚀效果及光学性能,使用微波回旋共振离子源,对单晶Si(100)表面进行刻蚀,采用原子力显微镜、非接触式表面测量仪和傅里叶变换红外光谱仪对刻蚀后硅片的表面形貌、粗糙度和光学透过率进行了测量.实验结果表明:当离子束能量为1000 eV、束流密度为265μA·cm-2、刻蚀时间为30min时,离子束入射角度从0°增加到30°,样品表面出现条纹状结构.入射角度在0°～15°,随着角度增加,样品表面粗糙度增加,条纹周期减小,光学透过率提高;而在15°～ 30°范围内,随着角度增加,粗糙度开始减小,条纹周期增大,同时光学透过率降低.继续增加入射角度,条纹状结构逐渐消失,入射角度到45°时,粗糙度和光学透过率达到最小值;增加入射角度到55°,样品表面出现自组织点状结构,表面粗糙度急剧增大,光学透过率随着角度增加开始增加;继续增加离子束入射角度到80°,表面粗糙度和光学透过率继续增加,样品表面呈现出均匀有序的自组织柱状结构;此后,随着入射角度的增加,表面粗糙度又开始减小,光学透过率降低.自组织条纹结构到柱状结构的转变是溅射粗糙化和表面驰豫机制相互作用的结果.     

Modeling and Optimization of Machining Process in Discontinuously Reinforced Aluminium Matrix Composites

This article presents development of an Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) based model for the prediction of surface roughness during machining of composite material using Back Propagation algorithm. Statistically designed experiments based on Taguchi method were carried out on machining of Al/SiCp composite material. The experimentation helped generate a knowledge base for the ANN system and understand the relative importance of process, tool and work material dependent parameters on the roughness of surface generated during machining. The ANN model trained using the experimental data was found to predict the surface roughness with fair accuracy. An optimization approach was also proposed to obtain optimal cutting conditions that yield the desired surface roughness while maximizing the metal removal rate.     

Gemini表面活性剂在介面上的吸附作用

Gemini表面活性剂通常是由两（或三）条疏水链、两个亲水基和一个连接基组成的两性分（离）子,与由单亲水基和单疏水基构成的单体表面活性剂分（离）子相比较,在临界胶团浓度、界面性质和溶解性等方面有着独特的性质。由于其电荷密度高,临界胶团浓度低,并且有很低的Krafft点,能在低浓度下与高碳烷烃形成超低界面张力,在石油开发中有着很好的应用前景。现有的研究表明并联结构的双子表面活性剂比串联的双子表面活性剂降低表面张力的能力高。     

阴极开放式质子交换膜燃料电池实验性研究

本文围绕实验室自制的开放式阴极自增湿型质子交换膜燃料电池开展了大量相关实验,采用FLUKETi25红外温度成像仪测得了各种操作条件下电池表面温度分布图像。实验结果表明：在封闭式阳极（anodedead—end）操作条件下,液态水会在阳极逐渐积累而影响反应气的传质,造成电池输出性能的衰减。通过阳极排气可以使电池性能恢复。纵观电堆表面温度分布情况,总体呈现出沿氢气流道方向递增的趋势,且随着电流密度的增大,这种温度分布的不均匀性变得更加明显。在实验所测试的范围内,电堆的平均输出功率密度达到了583mW／cm2。     

X射线干涉光刻方法制备表面增强拉曼散射基底

表面增强拉曼散射(Surface-enhanced Raman Scatting,SERS)是一种非常重要的化合物分析技术,在光谱分析、生物传感等领域有着广泛的应用。理想的SERS基底需要同时具有高灵敏度和高均一性,这就需要制备一种大面积并且周期小于100 nm的金属纳米阵列。同步辐射X射线干涉光刻技术具有很高的光刻分辨能力和均匀性,可以制备高密度的金属纳米阵列。利用X射线干涉光刻方法制备了区域面积为320μm×440μm和周期为100 nm的二维周期结构,同时保持了高复制性和优异的均匀性。金属纳米阵列作为表面增强拉曼散射基底时可以提供很好的灵敏度和重复性。对于R6G染料,最低探测极限可达10-9 mol·L-1。在单片样品内的均匀性良好,相对标准偏差为6.72%。此外,表面拉曼增强基底能重复利用,可进一步降低成本。