淀粉成膜性和疏水性对表面施胶包装纸的影响

本文研究了添加甘油对疏水改性木薯淀粉膜力学性能及阻隔性能的影响,甘油的添加降低了疏水改性淀粉膜的玻璃转化温度、储能模量及水蒸气透过量.当温度低于临界温度上限时,疏水改性淀粉将会出现固态及液态两种形式.热的淀粉溶液中加入适量的甘油可以抑制淀粉微粒的沉淀.与羟丙基淀粉相比,疏水改性淀粉中添加不同量的甘油并涂覆干基材表面,对基材的阻隔性、水蒸气透过量、接触角及可勃吸水值均有一定影响.从表面施胶基材的可勃吸水值和水蒸气透过量的变化上可以看出,淀粉的成膜性对基材的性能有非常重要的影响.良好的成膜性可以改善基材的阻气、阻湿性,而对基材表面润湿性的影响不大.随着甘油含量的逐渐增加,基材的水蒸气透过量不断减少;但仍无法得到较好的阻湿性能.本文中所用的疏水改性淀粉具有较好的氧气阻隔性能和接触角,因此,表面施胶后的基材具有较好的疏水特性.同时在实验条件下研究了淀粉沉淀对基材性能的影响,利用淀粉沉淀对基材表面进行施胶后即使淀粉成膜性较差,也可以得到较低的水蒸气透过量和较高的接触角.通过增加疏水改性淀粉中甘油的含量,表面施胶基材的可勃吸水值可以得到显著改善.     

Comparison of free amino acid,carbohydrates concentrations in Korean edible and medicinal mushrooms

Ten popular species of both edible and medicinal Korean mushrooms were analysed for their free amino acids and disaccharides. The average total free amino acid concentration was 120.79 mg g⁻¹ in edible mushrooms and 61.47 mg g⁻¹ in medicinal mushrooms, respectively. The average total of free amino acids for all mushrooms, edible mushrooms and medicinal mushrooms was 91.13 mg g⁻¹. Agaricus blazei (227.00 mg g⁻¹) showed the highest concentration of total free amino acids; on the other hand, Inonotus obliquus (2.00 mg g⁻¹) showed the lowest concentration among the 10 species of mushrooms. The average total carbohydrates concentration was 46.67 mg g⁻¹ in the 10 species of mushrooms, where the edible mushrooms contained 66.68 mg g⁻¹ and the medicinal mushrooms contained 26.65 mg g⁻¹. The carbohydrates constituents of the 10 mushroom species were mainly mannose (36.23%), glucose (34.70%), and xylose (16.83%).     

紫花地丁中芹菜素提取和清除自由基活性研究

为充分利用与开发紫花地丁资源,本文采用乙醇提取紫花地丁中芹菜素苷,经溶剂萃取和D-101大孔树脂吸附与分离,用酸水解后乙醚溶解和丙酮重结晶得到芹菜素.采用化学发光法研究了紫花地丁中芹菜素清除O-2.和.OH活性.实验结果表明,D-101树脂对紫花地丁芹菜素静态交换容量是30.2 mg/g,树脂吸附率为75.2%.经分离纯化的紫花地丁芹菜素对清除O-2.和.OH均有一定效果:当芹菜素浓度为4μg/mL时,其清除O-2·率为43.4%,且清除效果比Vc、VE都强;芹菜素浓度为9μg/mL时,清除.OH率为22.45%,其清除效果比Vc差,但比VE好.     

Consequence of Commercial Fish Frying on Some Quality Parameters of Oil with Special Reference to Trans Fat

In the present study, the quality of frying oil, as affected by commercial pan fish frying, was investigated. The quality of fresh frying oil, null replenishment (NR) oil, and discarded frying oil were evaluated by drawing out the oil samples from the fryer at the initial stage, just before the addition of new frying oil for level make-up and used oil of the last frying cycle, respectively. The parameters used to assess the quality were the fatty acid composition including trans fatty acid (TFA), free fatty acid, and peroxide values of frying oil. Gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS) was used to examine fatty acids profiles of the frying oils. Trans fatty acid in fresh oils varied from 2.5%–3.8% (except oil-6, which contained 13%), whereas NR oils and discarded oils contained 5.6%–14.8% and 7.3%–20.8% trans fatty acids, correspondingly. Free fatty acid in fresh, NR, and discarded oils were 0.12%–0.24%, 0.22%–1.74%, and 0.80%–3.39%, respectively. Peroxide value in fresh, NR, and discarded oils were determined to be 1.15–3.93, 2.71–7.51, and 2.84–14.68 meq of O₂ /kg oil. It was observed that commercial fryers were not using the proper oil for frying. Furthermore, the last frying cycle just before discarding the oil may be dangerous for the health of consumers due to their significant level of TFA, free fatty acid, and peroxide values.     

Antioxidant Properties of Carotenoids In Vitro and In Vivo

Abstract

Carotenoids are a class of natural pigments familiar to all through the orange–red to yellow colors of many fruits, vegetables, and flowers, as well as for the provitamin A activity that some of them possess. A body of scientific evidence suggests that carotenoids may scavenge and deactivate free radicals, acting thereby as antioxidants both in food systems (in vitro) and in the human organism (in vivo). Overall, epidemiological evidence links higher carotenoid intakes and tissue concentrations with reduced cancer and cardiovascular disease risk. However, research has also shown that the antioxidant activity of carotenoids may shift to a prooxidant character depending mainly on the biological environment in which they act. A summary of the antioxidant potential of natural carotenoids both in oil model systems and in vivo is presented in this article.     

Liaison of phenolic acids and biological activity of escalating cultivars of Daucus carota

The objective of the present study was to analyze and compare the phenolic compounds and their antioxidant capacities of new lines of Dacus carota. The selected cultivars showed high variation in the contents of total phenolics (30.26–65.39 mg/100 g FW) and total ascorbic acid (41.12–58.36 mg/100 g FW). Analysis on RP-HPLC revealed that hydroxycinnamic acids and its derivatives were major phenolic compounds present in D. carota extracts, whereas 5-caffeolquinic acid was a major hydroxycinnamic acid (ranged from 30.26 to 65.39 mg/100 g FW). DCP cultivar showed high total antioxidant capacity (77.69 mg/100 g), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging capacity (52.36 mg/100 g), superoxide radical scavenging capacity (53.69 mg/100 g), and hydroxyl radical scavenging capacity (51.91 mg/100 g). A linear relationship was found between total phenolic acid contents and antioxidant capacity. Both phenolic compounds and antioxidant capacities varied significantly (ρ < 0.05) among cultivars. DCP cultivar was found to be a rich source of phenolics and ascorbic acid with high antioxidant activity.     

CO2膨胀前后烟丝中游离氨基酸的变化

为了解CO2膨胀前后烟丝化学成分的变化,采用超声波水解提取和反相高效液相色谱法测定了不同产地和不同部位的6种烟丝膨胀前后的游离氨基酸,共测定了16种游离氨基酸.结果表明烟丝经CO2膨胀后,其脯氨酸、丝氨酸、谷氨酸、甘氨酸、组氨酸和异亮氨酸等总体呈下降趋势;精氨酸及天冬氨酸等总体呈上升趋势.16种游离氨基酸的总量除福建下部ZO1略有上升外,其余均有所下降,其中福建B3F和福建上部BO1的降幅较为明显.     

Differences in content and composition of free lipids and carotenoids in flour of spring and winter wheat cultivated in Poland

The work presents the content and composition of free lipids and carotenoids in spring and winter classes of wheat flour. It discusses genetical and physiological aspects of their synthesis and accumulation in wheat kernels and also indicates how methodological differences explain differences in results presented in the literature. It has been reported that spring wheat flours are richer in free lipids, especially in the non-polar fraction. The content of glycolipids ranged from 134 to 215 mg/100 g flour and was more stable within the winter wheat class. The percentages of the two main fractions, namely DGDG and MGDG, were similar in both wheat classes and reached ca. 77%. Phospholipids constituted the smallest fraction of the flour free lipids in both wheat classes; however, spring wheat flours were richer in these compounds, which is likely associated with a greater content of spherosomes in the endosperm of this wheat class. The free lipids of spring wheat flour contained more oleic and slightly less linoleic and linolenic acids. Spring wheat flour was also richer in carotenoids, although there were varieties in both classes that deviated from this. The main carotenoid was lutein, whose total percentage in the form of different isomers ranged from 71.3% to 83.3% and was slightly lower for spring wheat flour. Lutein, in the form of a trans-isomer, constituted about 62% and 70% of all carotenoids in spring and winter wheat flours, respectively.     

Antioxidant activity of white and black sesame seeds and their hull fractions

The total phenolic content (TPC), total antioxidant status (TAS), free radical scavenging capacity, inhibition of low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol and metal chelating capacity of extracts of whole black and whole white sesame seeds and their hull fractions in 80% aqueous ethanol were investigated. The TPC of whole black sesame seeds and hull extracts were 29.9 ± 0.6 and 146.6 ± 0.6 mg catechin equivalents/g crude ethanolic extract, respectively. The corresponding values for white sesame were 10.6 ± 1.6 and 29.7 ± 0.9 mg catechin equivalents/g crude ethanolic extract. The TAS as determined by Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity assay and expressed as Trolox equivalents was highest for black sesame hulls (65.9 ± 1.7) while white seeds showed the lowest (4.4 ± 0.6). Free radical scavenging capacity of sesame extracts (5–40 μg/mL) was measured using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical. The highest scavenging capacity was obtained at 40 μg/mL and was 94.9 ± 0.8, 25.1 ± 0.4, 14.4 ± 0.9 and 2.5 ± 0.4 for black sesame hulls, black sesame seeds, white sesame hulls and white sesame seeds, respectively. Inhibition of LDL oxidation at 100 ppm level was highest for black sesame hulls (96.7%) followed by those for white sesame hulls (84.6%), black sesame (78.4%) and white sesame seeds (57.3%). Sesame products displayed good ferrous ion chelating capacities, which ranged from 12% to 46% and 17% to 62% at 50 and 100 ppm levels, respectively. Results demonstrated considerable antioxidant activity of sesame products tested especially black sesame hulls.     

烤烟烟叶中游离氨基酸与内在质量关系的研究

系统地分析了烤烟烟叶中游离氨基酸与内在质量的关系，参试材料31份，每个样品分析鉴定25项指标，对试验数据分别进行简单相关分析，多元回归和偏相关分析以及典型相关分析。简单相关分析结果表明，游离氨基酸组分与内在质量之间存在一定的相关关系，其中缬氨酸、酪氨酸和游离氨含量较高，则烟叶香气较好，亮氨酸含量较高，烟叶杂气较少，丝氨酸，甘氨酸和游离氨含量高，则烟叶评吸总分较高，烟叶品质相对较好，多元回归和偏相关分析系统地分析了游离氨基酸组分对内在质量的贡献大小。其中对香气贡献较大的有精氨酸，苯丙氨酸和游离氨；对吃味贡献较大的有甘氨酸，对减少杂气贡献较大的是游离氨和脯氨酸，对评吸总分贡献较大的有精氨酸。苯丙氨酸、丝氨酸，总游离氨基酸和酪氨酸。典型相关分析结果表明，游离氨基酸与内在质量间的典型相关主要是由酷氨酸，蛋氨酸，苯丙氨酸，精氨酸，丝氨酸，脯氨酸，亮氮酸，苏氨酸，氨与香气，吃味，杂气，刺激性相关显著引起的。